Bracket Fungi of Berrien County, Michigan: A Preliminary List

Bracket fungi are a diverse group named more for their similar external morphologies (specifically, bracket- or shelf-like growth habits on dead or living tree trunks, and woody textures) than for their close relationship. The so-called bracket fungi (sometimes referred to as shelf fungi) are typically grouped together in field guides for ease of identification by observers in the field. Additional information about bracket fungi can be found here, and images of some representative species can be viewed here.

Because the distribution and relative abundance of fungi has been poorly documented in the literature, the following list was derived by scanning six field guides at my disposal (Barron 1999, Bessette and Sundberg 1987, Lincoff 1987, McKnight and McKnight 1987, Miller and Miller 2006, and Smith and Weber 1996) and making educated guesses as to which species were likely to occur in Berrien County based on range and habitat descriptions. The 82 species listed below represent 51 genera, 21 families, 5 orders, and 1 subclass. Given the current state of knowledge of local fungal diversity, I should again emphasize that this is a list of what is possible rather than a list of what has been confirmed in Berrien County and vicinity, and that I have erred on the side of being inclusive rather than exclusive in the case of questionable species.

Scientific names are those recognized by the Index Fungorum. Higher-order taxonomic categories (i.e., Families, Orders, Subclasses) follow the MushroomExpert; for genera not recognized by the MushroomExpert, taxonomic treatment follows the Index Fungorum.

There are no officially recognized common names for North American fungi. In many cases, however, North American species of Holarctic distribution have been assigned an "official" English name by the British Mycological Society (see Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK); these names are capitalized and appear immediately following the scientific name. Where available, other common name(s) shown in curly brackets in lower case are those that appear in one or more of the referenced field guides.

Authors of field guides treating each species are shown in straight brackets.

The few species that are Edible or POISONOUS are indicated as such.

Credit: Dryad's Saddle (Polyporus squamosus), showing typical attachment of bracket fungus to tree trunk. This photo by Walter Baxter is used here courtesy of a Creative Commons licensing agreement.

Subclass Agaricomycetes

ORDER AGARICALES

Family Fistulinaceae:

Fistulina hepatica, Beefsteak Fungus {beefsteak fungus, beefsteak, beefsteak polypore} [Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Family Schizophyllaceae:

Schizophyllum commune, Split Gill {common split gill} [Lincoff, Miller]

ORDER HYMENOCHAETALES

Family Hymenochaetaceae:

Coltricia cinnamomea {faiy stook, shiny cinnamon polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Coltricia montagnei {green’s polypore, montagne’s polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Coltricia perennis, Tiger’s Eye [Barron, Miller]

Inonotus obliquus {clinker polypore} [Lincoff]

Inonotus radiatus, Alder Bracket [Barron]

Onnia tomentosa (=Inonotus tomentosus) {woolly velvet polypore [Lincoff]

Phelinus chrysoloma {golden spreading polypore} [Lincoff]

Phellinus gilvus {mustard yellow polypore} [Lincoff]

Phellinus igniarius, Willow Bracket {flecked-flesh polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Phellinus rimosus (=rimosa) {craked-cap polypore} [Lincoff]

Porodaedalea (=Phellinus) pini [Miller]

Family Schizoporaceae:

Oxyporus populinus, Poplar Bracket {mossy maple polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Schizopora paradoxa, Split Porecrust {split-pore polypore} [Lincoff]

ORDER POLYPORALES

Family Albatrellaceae:

Albatrellus caeruleoporus {blue albatrellus, blue-pored polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Albatrellus confluens [Barron, Miller]

Albatrellus cristatus {crested polypore} [Lincoff]

Albatrellus ovinus {sheep polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Family Altheliaceae:

Plicaturopsis crispa {crimped gill} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Family Fomitopsidaceae:

Daedalea quercina, Oak Mazegill {oak maze-gill, oak polypore, thick-maze oak polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Fomitopsis cajanderi [Barron]

Fomitopsis pinicola {redbelt, red-banded polypore, red-belted polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Piptoporus betulinus, Birch Polypore or Razorstrop Fungus {birch polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Postia (=Tyromyces) caesius, Conifer Blueing Bracket {blue cheese polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Postia fragilis [Barron]

Family Ganodermataceae:

Ganoderma applanatum, Artist’s Bracket {artist’s conk, artist’s fungus} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Ganoderma lucidum, Lacquered Bracket {lancquered polypore, ling chih} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Ganoderma tsugae {hemlock varnish shelf, lacquered polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff]

Family Gloeophyllaceae:

Gloeophyllum sepiarium [yellow-red gill polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Family Hapalopilaceae:

Bjerkandera adusta, Smoky Bracket {smoky polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Ceriporia (=Poria) spissa {orange poria} [Lincoff]

Hapalopilus nidulans, Cinnamon Bracket {tender nesting polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Ischnoerma resinosum {resinous polypore, late fall polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff]

Family Meripilaceae:

Grifola frondosa, Hen of the Woods {hen of the woods, hen-of-the-woods} [Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Meripilus giganteus, Giant Polypore {black-staining polypore} [Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Family Meruliaceae:

Gloeoporus (=Caloporus) dichrous {gelatinous-pored polypore} [Lincoff]

Merulius tremellosus (=Phlebia tremellosa), Jelly Rot [Barron, Miller]

Phlebia incarnata [Barron, Miller]

Phlebia radiata, Wrinkled Crust [Barron]

Family Phanerochaetacdae:

Lopharia cinerascens {bristly parchment} [Lincoff]

Family Podoscyphaceae:

Cotylidia diaphana [Barron]

Famly Polyporaceae:

Cerrena unicolor {mossy maze polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Cryptoporus volvatus {veiled polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Daedaleopsis confragosa, Blushing Bracket {currycomb bracket, thin-maze flat polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Fomes fomentarius, Hoof Fungus or Tinder Bracket {tinder polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Globiformes graveolens {sweet knot} [Lincoff]

Hexagonia hirta (=Polyporus hirtus) {bitter iodine polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Laetiporus sulphureus, Chicken of the Woods {chicken of the woods, sulphur shelf} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Lenzites betulina, Birch Mazegill {birch lenzites, birch maze-gill, gilled bracket, multicolor gill polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight]

Phaeolus schweinitzii, Dyer’s Mazegill {die maker’s polypore, dye polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Polyporus alveolaris (=mori) [Barron, Miller] - Edible (when young)

Polyporus arcularius (=Favolus alveolaris) {spring polypore, hexagonal-pored polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Polyporus badius {bay-brown polypore, black-footed polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Polyporus brumalis, Winter Polypore {winter polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Polyporus radicatus {rooting polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Polyporus squamosus, Dryad’s Saddle {dryad’s saddle, dryad saddle, scaly polyporus} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Smith]

Polyporus umbellatus, Umbrella Polypore {umbrella polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight]

Polyporus varius {blackfoot polypore, elegant polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Poronidulus (=Trametes) conchifer {little nest polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Pycnoporus cinnabarinus {cinnabar polypore, cinnabar red polypore, cinnabar-red polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Trametes hirsuta, Hairy Bracket [Barron]

Trametes pubescens [Barron]

Trametes (=Coriolus) versicolor, Turkeytail {turkey tail, turkey-tail} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Trichaptum abietinum (=abietinus), Purplepore Bracket [Barron, Bessette]

Trichaptum biforme (=biformis {violet toothed polypore, purple-toothed polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Tyromyces chioneus {white cheese polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Family Steccherinaceae:

Irpex lacteus {milk-white toothed polypore} [Lincoff]

ORDER RUSSULALES

Family Bondarzewiaceae:

Bondarzewia berkeleyi {berkeley’s polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Heterobasidion annosum, Root Rot [conifer-base polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Family Peniophoraceae:

Peniophora rufa [Barron]

Family Stereaceae:

Stereum complicatum {crowded parchment} [Lincoff, Miller]

Stereum hirsutum, Hairy Curtain Crust {hairy parchment} [Barron, Lincoff]

Stereum ostrea {false turkey tail, false turkey-tail, false turkeytail} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Stereum (=Haematostereum) sanguinolentum, Bleeding Conifer {bleeding conifer parchment} [Lincoff]

Stereum striatum {silky parchment} [Lincoff]

Xylobolus frustulatus {ceramic fungus, ceramic parchment} [Barron, Lincoff]

ORDER THELEPHORALES

Family Bankeraceae:

Boletopsis subsquamosa {kurotake} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller] - Edible

Family Thelephoraceae:

Thelephora caryophyllea {carnation fungus, carnation groundwart} [Barron]

Thelephora palmata, Stinking Earthfan [Barron, Miller]

Thelephora terrestris, Earthfan {common fiber vase, earth fan, groundwart} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Sources:

Barron, George. 1999. Mushrooms of northeast North America: Midwest to New England. Lone Pine Publishing, Auburn, Washington. 336 pp.

Bessette, Alan, and Walter J. Sunderg. 1987. Mushrooms: a quick reference guide to mushrooms of North America. McMillan Publishing Company, New York, New York. 173 pp.

Lincoff, Gary H. 1987. The Audubon Society field guide to North American mushrooms. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York. 926 pp.

McKnight, Kent H., and Vera B. McKnight. 1987. A field guide to mushrooms of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 429 pp.

Miller, Orson K., and Hope H. Miller. 2006. North American mushrooms: a field guide to edible and inedible fungi. Falcon Guides, Guilford, Connecticut. 583 pp.

Smith, Alexander H., and Nancy Smith Weber. 1996. The mushroom hunter’s guide. University of Michigan Press and Thunder Bay Press. 316 pp.

Club and Coral Fungi of Berrien County, Michigan: A Preliminary List

Club and coral fungi are a diverse group named more for their similar external morphologies (specifically, a coral- or club-like shape) than for their close relationship. The so-called coral and club fungi are typically grouped together in field guides for ease of identification by observers in the field. Additional information about coral and club fungi can be found here, and images of some representative species can be viewed here.

Because the distribution and relative abundance of fungi has been poorly documented in the literature, the following list was derived by scanning six field guides at my disposal (Barron 1999, Bessette and Sundberg 1987, Lincoff 1987, McKnight and McKnight 1987, Miller and Miller 2006, and Smith and Weber 1996) and making educated guesses as to which species were likely to occur in Berrien County based on range and habitat descriptions. The 43 species listed below represent 16 genera, 10 families, 8 orders, and 2 subclasses. Given the current state of knowledge of local fungal diversity, I should again emphasize that this is a list of what is possible rather than a list of what has been confirmed in Berrien County and vicinity, and that I have erred on the side of being inclusive rather than exclusive in the case of questionable species.

Scientific names are those recognized by the Index Fungorum. Higher-order taxonomic categories (i.e., Families, Orders, Subclasses) follow the MushroomExpert; for genera not recognized by the MushroomExpert, taxonomic treatment follows the Index Fungorum.

There are no officially recognized common names for North American fungi. In many cases, however, North American species of Holarctic distribution have been assigned an "official" English name by the British Mycological Society (see Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK); these names are capitalized and appear immediately following the scientific name. Where available, other common name(s) shown in curly brackets in lower case are those that appear in one or more of the referenced field guides.

Authors of field guides treating each species are shown in straight brackets.

The few species that are Edible or POISONOUS are indicated as such.

Credit: Golden Coral (Ramaria aurea) is one of the edible coral fungi. This photo by Manfred Bromba is used here courtesy of permission granted by Wikipedia Commons.

Subclass AGARICOMYCETIDAE

ORDER AGARICALES

Family Clavariaceae:

Alloclavaria (=Clavaria) purpurea, Purple Spindles {purple club coral, purple coral} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Clavaria fragilis (=vermicularis), White Spindles {white worm coral, worm-like coral} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Clavaria fumosa, Smokey Spindles [Barron]

Clavaria rosea, Rose Spindles {rosy club coral} [Barron]

Clavaria zollingeri, Violet Coral {magenta coral} [McKnight, Miller]

Clavulinopsis corniculata, Meadow Coral [Barron]

Clavulinopsis fusiformis, Golden Spindles {spindle-shaped coral, spindle-shaped yellow coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Macrotyphula juncea, Slender Club {fairy thread} [Barron]

Multiclavula mucida {white green-algae coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Family Marasmiaceae:

Physalacria inflata {bladder stalks} [Lincoff]

ORDER CANTHARELLALES

Family Clavulinaceae:

Clavulina amethystina {violet-branched coral} [Lincoff]

Clavulina cinerea, Grey Coral {gray coral} [Barron, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Clavulina coralloides (=cristata), Crested Coral {cockscomb coral, crested coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller] - Edible

Clavulina (=Clavaria) ornatipes [Barron]

Clavulina rugosa [Barron] - Edible

ORDER PHALLALES

Family Gomphaceae:

Clavariadelphus ligula {strap-shaped coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller, Smith]

Clavariadelphus pistillaris, Giant Club {pestle-shaped coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Clavariadelphus truncatus {flat-topped coral} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Lentaria byssiseda {cotton-based coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Ramariopsis crocea {orange-yellow ramariopsis} [Barron]

Ramariopsis kunzei, Ivory Coral {white coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller] - Edible

Ramariopsis laeticolor [Barron]

Family Ramariaceae:

Ramaria abietina [Barron, Miller]

Ramaria apiculata {green-tipped coral} [McKnight]

Ramaria aurea {golden coral} [Barron, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Ramaria bataillei [Miller] - POISONOUS

Ramaria botrytis, Rosso Coral {clustered coral} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Ramaria formosa, {pink-tipped coral, yellow-tipped coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Smith] - POISONOUS

Ramaria gelatinosa [Miller, Smith]

Ramaria stricta, Upright Coral {straight-branched coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller, Smith]

Ramaria subbotrytis [Miller, Smith] - Edible

ORDER POLYPORALES

Family Sparassidaceae:

Sparassis crispa, Wood Cauliflower {eastern cauliflower mushroom} [Lincoff, Smith] - Edible

Sparassis laminosa (=herbstii) {eastern cauliflower} [Barron] - Edible

Sparassis spathulata {eastern cauliflower mushroom} [Bessette] - Edible

ORDER RUSSULALES

Family Auriscalpiaceae:

Artomyces pyxidatus (=Clavicorona pyxidata), Candelabra Coral {crown coral, crown-tipped coral) [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

ORDER THELEPHORALES

Family Thelephoraceae:

Thelephora terrestris, Earthfan {common fiber vase} [Lincoff]

Thelephora vialis {vase thelephore} [Lincoff]

Subclass SORDARIOMYCETIDAE

ORDER HYPOCREALES

Family Clavicipitaceae:

Cordyceps melolonthae {beetle cordyceps, rhinoceros beetle cordyceps} [Bessette, Lincoff]

Cordyceps militaris, Scarlet Caterpillarclub {orange-colored cordyceps, soldier grainy club, trooping cordyceps} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Cordyceps ophioglossoides, Snaketongue Truffleclub {adder’s tongue, goldenthread cordyceps} [Barron, Lincoff]

ORDER XYLARIALES

Family Xylariaceae:

Xylaria hypoxylon, Candlesnuff Fungus {carbon antlers} [Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight]

Xylaria longipes, Dead Moll's Fingers {stalked xylaria} [Barron]

Xylaria polymorpha, Dead Man's Fingers {dead man’s fingers, dead-man’s fingers} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Sources:

Barron, George. 1999. Mushrooms of northeast North America: Midwest to New England. Lone Pine Publishing, Auburn, Washington. 336 pp.

Bessette, Alan, and Walter J. Sunderg. 1987. Mushrooms: a quick reference guide to mushrooms of North America. McMillan Publishing Company, New York, New York. 173 pp.

Lincoff, Gary H. 1987. The Audubon Society field guide to North American mushrooms. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York. 926 pp.

McKnight, Kent H., and Vera B. McKnight. 1987. A field guide to mushrooms of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 429 pp.

Miller, Orson K., and Hope H. Miller. 2006. North American mushrooms: a field guide to edible and inedible fungi. Falcon Guides, Guilford, Connecticut. 583 pp.

Smith, Alexander H., and Nancy Smith Weber. 1996. The mushroom hunter’s guide. University of Michigan Press and Thunder Bay Press. 316 pp.

Jelly Fungi of Berrien County, Michigan: A Preliminary List

Credit: This photo of a jelly fungus by Walter Siegmund is used here courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

Jelly fungi are a diverse group named more for their similar external morphologies (specifically, a gelatinous appearance) than for their close relationship. Although many species of jelly fungi are relatively common, they can be difficult to locate because of the ephemeral nature of their fruiting bodies. Jelly fungi are typically grouped together in field guides for ease of identification by observers in the field. Additional information about jelly fungi can be found here, and images of some representative species can be viewed here.

Because the distribution and relative abundance of fungi has been poorly documented in the literature, the following list was derived by scanning five field guides at my disposal (Barron 1999, Bessette and Sundberg 1987, Lincoff 1987, McKnight and McKnight 1987, and Miller and Miller 2006) and making educated guesses as to which species were likely to occur in Berrien County based on range and habitat descriptions. The 20 species listed below represent 16 genera, 7 families, 4 orders, and 2 subclasses. Given the current state of knowledge of local fungal diversity, I should again emphasize that this is a list of what is possible rather than a list of what has been confirmed in Berrien County and vicinity, and that I have erred on the side of being inclusive rather than exclusive in the case of questionable species.

There are no officially recognized common names for North American fungi. In many cases, however, North American species of Holarctic distribution have been assigned an "official" English name by the British Mycological Society (see Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK); these names are capitalized and appear immediately following the scientific name. Where available, other common name(s) shown in curly brackets in lower case are those that appear in one or more of the referenced field guides.

Authors of field guides treating each species are shown in straight brackets.

The few species that are Edible indicated as such.

Subclass AGARICOMYCETIDAE

ORDER AGARICALES

Family Marasmiaceae:

Physalacria inflata {bladder fungus} [Barron]

Sublcass TREMELLOMYCEDIDAE

ORDER AURICULARIALES

Family Auriculariaceae:

Auricularia auricula, Jelly Ear {brown ear fungus, ear fungus, tree ear, tree-ear} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

ORDER DACRYMYCETALES

Family Dacrymycetaceae:

Calocera cornea, Small Stagshorn [Barron, Miller]

Calocera viscosa, Yellow Stagshorn {coral jelly fungus, yellow staghorn fungus, yellow tuning fork} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight]

Dacrymyces palmatus {orange jelly} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Dacryopinax spathularia {fan-shaped jelly fungus} [Barron]

Guepiniopsis (=Heterotextus) alpine [Barron]

ORDER TREMELLALES

Family Exidiaceae:

Ductifera pululahuana [Bessette]

Exidia glandulosa, Witch's Butter {black jelly roll, black witch’s butter, warty jelly fungus} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Gloeotromera (=Exidia) alba {white jelly fungus} [Barron]

Guepinia (=Phlogiotis) helvelloides, Salmon Salad {apricot jelly, apricot jelly fungus} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum, Jelly Tooth {jelly tooth, toothed jelly fungus} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Family Syzygosporaceae:

Syzygospora mycetophila [parasitic jelly} [Barron]

Family Tremellaceae:

Sebacina (=Tremella) concrescens [Barron]

Tremella foliacea, Leafy Brain {leaf jelly, leaf jelly fungus, jelly leaf} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller}

Tremella messenterica, Yellow Brain {witch’s butter} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Tremella reticulata (=reticularia) {white coral jelly, white coral jelly fungus} [Barron, McKnight, Miller]

Tremellodendron pallidum {false coral fungus, jellied false corral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Tremellodendron schweinitzii {false coral} [McKnight]

Family Tremellodendropsidaceae:

Tremellodentropsis semivestita (=semivestitum) [Barron]

Sources:

Barron, George. 1999. Mushrooms of northeast North America: Midwest to New England. Lone Pine Publishing, Auburn, Washington. 336 pp.

Bessette, Alan, and Walter J. Sunderg. 1987. Mushrooms: a quick reference guide to mushrooms of North America. McMillan Publishing Company, New York, New York. 173 pp.

Lincoff, Gary H. 1987. The Audubon Society field guide to North American mushrooms. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York. 926 pp.

McKnight, Kent H., and Vera B. McKnight. 1987. A field guide to mushrooms of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 429 pp.

Miller, Orson K., and Hope H. Miller. 2006. North American mushrooms: a field guide to edible and inedible fungi. Falcon Guides, Guilford, Connecticut. 583 pp.

Tooth Fungi of Berrien County, Michigan: A Preliminary List

Credit: Bearded Tooth (Hericium erinaceus) is one of the edible tooth fungi. This photo by Lebrac is used here courtesy of permission granted by Wikipedia Commons.

The so-called tooth fungi, sometimes aptly referred to as “fungi with spines,” is an artificial grouping based on external morphology; they are not necessarily closely related phylogenetically. Tooth fungi are usually grouped together in field guides for ease of identification by observers in the field.

In general, the distribution and relative abundance of fungi has been poorly documented in the literature. The following list was derived by scanning five field guides at my disposal (Barron 1999, Bessette and Sundberg 1987, Lincoff 1987, McKnight and McKnight 1987, and Miller and Miller 2006) and making educated guesses as to which species were likely to occur in Berrien County based on range and habitat descriptions. The 27 species listed below represent 13 genera, 7 families, 5 orders, and 2 subclasses. Given the current state of knowledge of local fungal diversity, I should again emphasize that this is a list of what is possible rather than a list of what has been confirmed in Berrien County and vicinity, and that I have erred on the side of being inclusive rather than exclusive in the case of questionable species.

There are no officially recognized common names for North American fungi. In many cases, however, North American species of Holarctic distribution have been assigned an "official" English name by the British Mycological Society (see Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK); these names are capitalized and appear immediately following the scientific name. Where available, other common name(s) shown in curly brackets in lower case are those that appear in one or more of the referenced field guides.

Authors of field guides treating each species are shown in straight brackets.

The few species that are Edible are so-designated.

Subclass ACARICOMYCETES

ORDER CANTHARELLALES

Family Hydnaceae:

Hydnum albidum {white hedgehog} [McKnight, Miller] - edible

Hydnum (=Dentinum) repandum, Wood Hedgehog {sweet tooth, hedgehog mushroom, spreading hedgehog} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Hydnum umbilicatum {depressed hedgehog} [Barron, McKnight] - Edible

ORDER POLYPORALES

Family Meruliaceae:

Climacodon septentrionalis (=septentrionale) {northern tooth, shelving tooth, stacka hydnum} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Family Steccherinaceae:

Irpex lacteus {milk-white toothed polypore} [Lincoff]

Mycorrhaphium (=Steccherinum) adustum {kidney-shaped tooth, smoky hydnum} [Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Steccherinum ochraceum {ochre spreading tooth} [Barron, Lincoff]

ORDER RUSSULALES

Family Auriscalpiaceae:

Auriscalpium vulgare, Earpick Fungus {pine cone fungus, pinecone mushroom, pinecone tooth} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Family Hericiaceae:

Hericium americanum [Barron, Miller] - Edible

Hericium coralloides (=ramosum), Coral Tooth {comb tooth, bear’s head tooth, comb hedgehog, coral hedgehog, waterfall hydnum} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Hericium erinaceus, Bearded Tooth {bearded tooth, bearded hedgehog, hedgehog mushroom} [Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Mucronella bresadolae {icicle fungus} [Barron]

ORDER THELEPHORALES

Family Bankeraceae:

Bankera fuligineoalba, Drab Tooth {grayish white hydnum} [McKnight, Miller]

Bankera violascens (=carnosa), Spruce Tooth {fleshy hydnum} [Barron, McKnight]

Hydnellum aurantiacum, Orange Tooth {orange rough-cap tooth} [Lincoff]

Hydnellum caeruleum, Blue Tooth {blue spine, blue tooth, bluish tooth} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight]

Hydnellum concrescens, Zoned Tooth {zonate tooth} [Barron]

Hydnellum diabolus {Miller]

Hydnellum geogenium {yellow tooth} [Barron]

Hydnellum peckii, Devil's Tooth {bleeding tooth} [Barron]

Hydnellum suaveolens [Miller]

Hydnellum spongiosipes, Velvet Tooth {spongy foot, spongy-footed tooth} [Barron, Lincoff]

Phellodon confluens, Fused Tooth {fused cork hydnum} [McKnight]

Phellodon niger, Black Tooth {black tooth} [Lincoff, Miller]

Sarcodon imbricatus (=Hydnum imbricatum), Scaly Tooth {scaly hydnum, scaly tooth} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Sarcodon scabrosus, Bitter Tooth {bitter tooth, scaber hydnum) [Barron, McKnight]

Subclass TREMMELOMYCEDIDAE

ORDER TREMELLALES

Family Exidiaceae:

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum, Jelly Tooth {jelly false tooth} {Bessette]

Sources:

Barron, George. 1999. Mushrooms of northeast North America: Midwest to New England. Lone Pine Publishing, Auburn, Washington. 336 pp.

Bessette, Alan, and Walter J. Sunderg. 1987. Mushrooms: a quick reference guide to mushrooms of North America. McMillan Publishing Company, New York, New York. 173 pp.

Lincoff, Gary H. 1987. The Audubon Society field guide to North American mushrooms. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York. 926 pp.

McKnight, Kent H., and Vera B. McKnight. 1987. A field guide to mushrooms of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 429 pp.

Miller, Orson K., and Hope H. Miller. 2006. North American mushrooms: a field guide to edible and inedible fungi. Falcon Guides, Guilford, Connecticut. 583 pp.