Orthoptera of Berrien County, Michigan, and Vicinity

The insect order Orthoptera includes the crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids and allies. The species in this order are commonly referred to as "singing insects" because of their loud, distinctive, and often repetitive vocalizations.

The primary source for this list was Theodore H. Hubbell’s (1922) The Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Berrien County, Michigan, supplemented by Roger G. Bland’s (2003) The Orthoptera of Michigan and Thomas J. Walker and Thomas E. Moore’s (2004) Singing insects of North America. The Orthoptera Species File Online was used to sort out synonyms.

According to Bland (2003), more than 25,000 species of Orthoptera are known worldwide, an estimated 1,210 species have been documented in North America north of Mexico, and 137 species are known in Michigan.

The 98 species known or likely to occur in Berrien County (85 documented from Berrien County, plus an additional 13 from neighboring Cass and/or Van Buren counties) represent 44 genera, 18 subfamilies, 8 families, and 2 suborders. Another 10 species (shown in square brackets below) may possibly occur in Berrien County or vicinity based on presumed ranges depicted by Walker and Moore (2003).

In the following list, scientific and common names follow Bland (2003), with alternative common names (if any) in curly brackets. One or more of the following symbols appear after the species name, where * = specimen(s) reported from Berrien County by Hubbell (1922); # = specimen(s) documented from Berrien, Cass, or Van Buren counties by Bland (2003); + = the known or presumed range of the species, as depicted by Walker and Moore (2003), includes Berrien County; and ^ = a species reported from Michigan by O’Brien (2004).

Counties with documented specimen records are shown in square brackets, where B = Berrien, C = Cass, and V = Van Buren.

For each species collected in Berrien County by Hubbell (1922), the number of specimens/collecting localities is shown in parentheses.

The one non-native Introduced species is indicated as such.

SUBORDER CAELIFERA (grasshoppers)

Family Acrididae (short-horned grasshoppers):
Subfamily Acridinae (slant-faced grasshoppers):

Metaleptea (=Tryxalis) brevicornis, SHORT-HORNED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (53/3)

Stethophyma lineatum (=Arcyptera lineata), STRIPED SEDGE GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B] (21/2)
Subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae (bird grasshoppers):

Schistocerca alutacea, LEATHER-COLORED BIRD GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C] (43/4)

Schistocerca americana (=serialis), AMERICAN BIRD GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B] (2/2)

Schistocerca emarginata, PRAIRIE BIRD GRASSHOPPER#^ [B,C,V]
Subfamily Gomphocerinae (slant-faced grasshoppers):

Ageneotettix deorum, SAND GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,V] (1/1)

Chloealtis conspersa, SPRINKLED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,V] (86/4)

Chorthippus curtipennis, MARSH MEADOW GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (63/6)

Dichromorpha viridis, SHORT-WINGED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B] (16/1)

Orphulella pelidna, SPOTTED-WINGED GRASSHOPPER#^ [B,V] {SC}

Orphulella speciosa, PASTURE GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,V] (27/3)

Pseudopomala brachyptera, BUNCHGRASS GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C] (10/1)

Syrbula admirabilis, HANDSOME GRASSHOPPER#^ [B,C]
Subfamily Melanoplinae (spur-throated grasshoppers):

Melanoplus angustipennis, NARROW-WINGED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (72/4)

Melanoplus bivittatus, TWO-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (105/4)

Melanoplus borealis, NORTHERN GRASSHOPPER#^ [C]

Melanoplus confusus, LITTLE GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (82/1)

Melanoplus differentialis, DIFFERENTIAL GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (25/6)

Melanoplus fasciatus, HUCKLEBERRY GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B] (10/1)

Melanoplus femurrubrum, RED-LEGGED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (63/5)

Melanoplus flavidus, BLUE-LEGGED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B] (3/1) {SC}

Melanoplus gracilis, GRACEFUL GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B] (32/4)

Melanoplus keeleri, BROAD-NECKED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,V] (56/3)

Melanoplus punctulatus, GRISEOUS GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C] (4/2)

Melanoplus sanguinipes (=mexicanus), MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (296/5)

Melanoplus scudderi, SCUDDER'S SHORT-WINGED GRASSHOPPER#^ [C]

Melanoplus viridipes, GREEN-LEGGED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [V] (58/3)

Melanoplus walshii, WALSH'S GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B] (4/2)

Paroxya hoosieri (=clavuliger), HOOSIER GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B] (102/3) {SC}
Subfamily Oedipodinae (band-winged grasshoppers):

Arphia pseudonietana, RED-WINGED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (12/2)

Arphia sulphurea, SPRING YELLOW-WINGED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (48/3)

Arphia xanthoptera, AUTUMN YELLOW-WINGED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B] (34/2)

Camnula pellucida, CLEAR-WINGED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (58/2)

Chortophaga viridifasciata, GREEN-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (19/3)

Dissosteira carolina, CAROLINA GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (38/4)

Encoptolophus sordidus, DUSKY GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,V] (19/3)

Pardalophora haldemanii, HALDEMAN'S GRASSHOPPER#^ [B,V]

Psinidia fenestralis, LONG-HORNED GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,V] (30/2) {SC}

Spharagemon bolli, BOLL'S GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (42/3)

Spharagemon collare, MOTTLED SAND GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (82/7)

Spharagemon marmorata, NORTHERN MARBLED GRASSHOPPER#^ [B]

Trimerotropis maritima, SEASIDE GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,V] (56/3)

Family Tetrigidae (pygmy grasshoppers):
Subfamily Batrachideinae:

Tettigidea armata, SPINED PYGMY LOCUST*#^ [B] (25/3)

Tettigidea lateralis, SEDGE PYGMY GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (24/3)
Subfamily Tetriginae:

Nomotettix cristatus, NORTHERN CRESTED PYGMY GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,V] (2/1)

Paratettix cucullatus, HOODED PYGMY GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,V] (85/4)

Tetrix arenosa (=Acrydium arenosum), OBSCURE PYGMY GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (48/2)

Tetrix ornate (=Acrydium ornatum and hancocki), ORNATE PYGMY GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,C,V] (14/1)

Tetrix subulata (=Acrydium granulatum), SLENDER PYGMY GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B,V] (9/2)

Family Tridactylidae (pygmy mole grasshoppers):
Subfamily Tridactylinae (pygmy mole grasshoppers):

Ellipes minutus (=minuta), MINUTE PYGMY MOLE GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B] (35/1)

Neotrydactylus (=Tridactylus) apicalis, LARGER PYGMY MOLE GRASSHOPPER*#^ [B] (9/2)

SUBORDER ENSIFERA (crickets, katydids, and bush katydids)

Family Gryllidae (true crickets):
Subfamily Gryllinae (field crickets and house crickets):
[Acheta domesticus, House Cricket+^ (Introduced)]

Gryllus pennsylvanicus (=assimilis), FALL FIELD CRICKET*#+^ [B,C] (102/5)

Gryllus veletus, SPRING FIELD CRICKET#+^ [B,C,V]
Subfamily Nemobiinae (ground crickets):

Allonemobius allardi, ALLARD'S GROUND CRICKET#+^ [B,C,V]

Allonemobius (=Nemobius) fasciatus, STRIPED GROUND CRICKET*#+^ [B,C,V] (76/4)

Allonemobius griseus, GRAY GROUND CRICKET#+^ [C]

Allonemobius maculatus, SPOTTED GROUND CRICKET#+^ [C]
[Allonemobius tinnulus, Tinkling Ground Cricket+^]

Eunemobius (=Nemobius) carolinus, CAROLINE GROUND CRICKET*#+^ [B] (10/3)
[Eunemobius confusus, Confused Ground Cricket+]

Eunemobius melodius, MELODIOUS GROUND CRICKET#+^ [B]

Neonemobius (=Nemobius) palustris, MARSH GROUND CRICKET*#+^ [B,C] (4/1)
[Neonemobius variegatus, Variegated Ground Cricket+]
Subfamily Trigonidiinae (sword-bearing crickets):

Anaxipha exiqua, SAY'S BUSH CRICKET#+^ [B,C]

Family Gryllotalpidae (mole crickets):
Subfamily Gryllotalpinae (mole crickets):

Neocurtilla (=Gryllotalpa) hexadactyla, NORTHERN MOLE CRICKET*#+^ [B,C] (12/2)

Family Oecanthidae:
Subfamily Oecanthinae (tree crickets):

Neoxabea bipunctata, TWO-SPOTTED TREE CRICKET#+^ [C]
[Oecanthus exclamationis, Davis's Tree Cricket+^]
[Oecanthus forbesi, Forbes’s Tree Cricket+]

Oecanthus fultoni, SNOWY TREE CRICKET#+^ [B]
[Oecanthus latipennis, Broad-winged Tree Cricket+]

Oecanthus nigricornis, BLACK-HORNED TREE CRICKET*#+^ [B,C] (30/4)

Oecanthus niveus, NARROW-WINGED TREE CRICKET*#+^ [C] (1/1)

Oecanthus pini, PINE TREE CRICKET#+^ [B] {SC}

Oecanthus quadripunctatus, FOUR-SPOTTED TREE CRICKET*#+^ [B,C] (27/4)

Family Rhaphidophoridae (cave and camel crickets):

Ceuthophilus divergens, DIVERGENT CAMEL CRICKET#^ [B]

Ceuthophilus guttulosus (=nigricans), THOMAS'S CAMEL CRICKET*#^ [B] (5/2)

Ceuthophilus latens, BLACK-SIDED CAMEL CRICKET*#^ [B] (58/2)

Family Tettigoniidae (katydids):
Subfamily Conocephalinae (meadow katydids):

Conocephalus attenuatus, LONG-TAILED MEADOW KATYDID#+^ [C]

Conocephalus brevipennis, SHORT-WINGED MEADOW KATYDID*#+^ [B,C,V] (46/4)

Conocephalus fasciatus, SLENDER MEADOW KATYDID*#+^ [B,C,V] (32/5)

Conocephalus nemoralis, WOODLAND MEADOW KATYDID*#+^ [B,V] (11/1)

Conocephalus nigropleurum (=nigropleurus), BLACK-SIDED MEADOW KATYDID*#+^ [B,C] (22/3)
[Conocephalus saltans, Prairie Meadow Katydid+^]

Conocephalus strictus, STRAIGHT-LANCED MEADOW KATYDID*#+^ [B] (31/3)

Orchelimum campestris, DUSKY-FACED MEADOW KATYDID#+^ [B,C,V]
[Orchelimum concinnum, Stripe-faced Meadow Katydid*+^ (6/2) {SC}]

Orchelimum delicatum, DELICATE MEADOW KATYDID#+^ [C] {SC}

Orchelimum gladiator, GLADIATOR MEADOW KATYDID*#+^ [B] (20/6)

Orchelimum nigripes, BLACK-LEGGED MEADOW KATYDID*#+^ [B,C,V] (15/2)

Orchelimum volantum, NIMBLE MEADOW KATYDID#+^ [B]

Orchelimum vulgare, COMMON MEADOW KATYDID*#+^ [B,V] (60/5)
Subfamily Copiphorinae (conehead katydids):

Neoconocephalus ensiger, SWORD-BEARING CONEHEAD KATYDID*#+^ [B,C,V] (14/2)
[Neoconocephalus lyristes, Slender Conehead Katydid+^ {SC}]

Neoconocephalus nebrascensis, NEBRASKA CONEHEAD KATYDID*#+^ [B] (4/1)

Neoconocephalus retusus, ROUND-TIPPED CONEHEAD KATYDID#^ [C] {SC}

Neoconocephalus robustus, ROBUST CONEHEAD KATYDID*#+^ [B,C] (3/2)
Subfamily Phaneropterinae (bush katydids and others):

Amblycorypha oblongifolia, OBLONG-WINGED KATYDID*#+^ [B,C,V] (26/2)

Amblycorypha rotundifolia, ROUND-WINGED KATYDID#+^ [C]

Microcentrum rhombifolium, ANGLE-WINGED KATYDID#+^ [C]

Scudderia curvicauda, CURVE-TAILED BUSH KATYDID*#+^ [B,C] (9/2)

Scudderia fasciata, HEMLOCK BUSH KATYDID#+^ [B] {SC}

Scudderia furcata, FORK-TAILED BUSH KATYDID*#+^ [B,C,V] (31/4)

Scudderia pistillata, BROAD-TAILED BUSH KATYDID*#+^ [B,C,V] (13/5)

Scudderia septentrionalis, NORTHERN BUSH KATYDID#+^ [B,C]

Scudderia texensis, TEXAS BUSH KATYDID*#+^ [B,C] (15/3)
Subfamily Pseudophyllinae (true katydids):

Pterophylla camellifolia, NORTHERN TRUE KATYDID*#+^ [B,C]
Subfamily Tettigoniinae (shield-backed katydids):

Atlanticus testaceus, SHORT-LEGGED SHIELD-BACKED KATYDID*#+^ [B,C] (6/2)

Sources:

Alexander, Richard D., Ann E. Pace, and Daniel Otte. 1972. The singing insects of Michigan. Great Lakes Entomologist 5: 33-69.

Bland, Roger G. 2003. The Orthoptera of Michigan—biology, keys, and descriptions of grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets. Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E-2815, 220 pp.

Hubbell, Theodore H. 1922. The Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Berrien County, Michigan.

O'Brien, Mark. 2004. Checklist of Michigan orthopteroids.

Otte, Daniel, David C. Eades, Maria Marta Cigliano, and Holger Braun. 2010. Orthoptera Species File Online (Version 2.0/4.0).

Walker, Thomas J., and Thomas E. Moore. 2004. Singing insects of North America.

Bracket Fungi of Berrien County, Michigan: A Preliminary List

Bracket fungi are a diverse group named more for their similar external morphologies (specifically, bracket- or shelf-like growth habits on dead or living tree trunks, and woody textures) than for their close relationship. The so-called bracket fungi (sometimes referred to as shelf fungi) are typically grouped together in field guides for ease of identification by observers in the field. Additional information about bracket fungi can be found here, and images of some representative species can be viewed here.

Because the distribution and relative abundance of fungi has been poorly documented in the literature, the following list was derived by scanning six field guides at my disposal (Barron 1999, Bessette and Sundberg 1987, Lincoff 1987, McKnight and McKnight 1987, Miller and Miller 2006, and Smith and Weber 1996) and making educated guesses as to which species were likely to occur in Berrien County based on range and habitat descriptions. The 82 species listed below represent 51 genera, 21 families, 5 orders, and 1 subclass. Given the current state of knowledge of local fungal diversity, I should again emphasize that this is a list of what is possible rather than a list of what has been confirmed in Berrien County and vicinity, and that I have erred on the side of being inclusive rather than exclusive in the case of questionable species.

Scientific names are those recognized by the Index Fungorum. Higher-order taxonomic categories (i.e., Families, Orders, Subclasses) follow the MushroomExpert; for genera not recognized by the MushroomExpert, taxonomic treatment follows the Index Fungorum.

There are no officially recognized common names for North American fungi. In many cases, however, North American species of Holarctic distribution have been assigned an "official" English name by the British Mycological Society (see Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK); these names are capitalized and appear immediately following the scientific name. Where available, other common name(s) shown in curly brackets in lower case are those that appear in one or more of the referenced field guides.

Authors of field guides treating each species are shown in straight brackets.

The few species that are Edible or POISONOUS are indicated as such.

Credit: Dryad's Saddle (Polyporus squamosus), showing typical attachment of bracket fungus to tree trunk. This photo by Walter Baxter is used here courtesy of a Creative Commons licensing agreement.

Subclass Agaricomycetes

ORDER AGARICALES

Family Fistulinaceae:

Fistulina hepatica, Beefsteak Fungus {beefsteak fungus, beefsteak, beefsteak polypore} [Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Family Schizophyllaceae:

Schizophyllum commune, Split Gill {common split gill} [Lincoff, Miller]

ORDER HYMENOCHAETALES

Family Hymenochaetaceae:

Coltricia cinnamomea {faiy stook, shiny cinnamon polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Coltricia montagnei {green’s polypore, montagne’s polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Coltricia perennis, Tiger’s Eye [Barron, Miller]

Inonotus obliquus {clinker polypore} [Lincoff]

Inonotus radiatus, Alder Bracket [Barron]

Onnia tomentosa (=Inonotus tomentosus) {woolly velvet polypore [Lincoff]

Phelinus chrysoloma {golden spreading polypore} [Lincoff]

Phellinus gilvus {mustard yellow polypore} [Lincoff]

Phellinus igniarius, Willow Bracket {flecked-flesh polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Phellinus rimosus (=rimosa) {craked-cap polypore} [Lincoff]

Porodaedalea (=Phellinus) pini [Miller]

Family Schizoporaceae:

Oxyporus populinus, Poplar Bracket {mossy maple polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Schizopora paradoxa, Split Porecrust {split-pore polypore} [Lincoff]

ORDER POLYPORALES

Family Albatrellaceae:

Albatrellus caeruleoporus {blue albatrellus, blue-pored polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Albatrellus confluens [Barron, Miller]

Albatrellus cristatus {crested polypore} [Lincoff]

Albatrellus ovinus {sheep polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Family Altheliaceae:

Plicaturopsis crispa {crimped gill} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Family Fomitopsidaceae:

Daedalea quercina, Oak Mazegill {oak maze-gill, oak polypore, thick-maze oak polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Fomitopsis cajanderi [Barron]

Fomitopsis pinicola {redbelt, red-banded polypore, red-belted polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Piptoporus betulinus, Birch Polypore or Razorstrop Fungus {birch polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Postia (=Tyromyces) caesius, Conifer Blueing Bracket {blue cheese polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Postia fragilis [Barron]

Family Ganodermataceae:

Ganoderma applanatum, Artist’s Bracket {artist’s conk, artist’s fungus} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Ganoderma lucidum, Lacquered Bracket {lancquered polypore, ling chih} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Ganoderma tsugae {hemlock varnish shelf, lacquered polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff]

Family Gloeophyllaceae:

Gloeophyllum sepiarium [yellow-red gill polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Family Hapalopilaceae:

Bjerkandera adusta, Smoky Bracket {smoky polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Ceriporia (=Poria) spissa {orange poria} [Lincoff]

Hapalopilus nidulans, Cinnamon Bracket {tender nesting polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Ischnoerma resinosum {resinous polypore, late fall polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff]

Family Meripilaceae:

Grifola frondosa, Hen of the Woods {hen of the woods, hen-of-the-woods} [Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Meripilus giganteus, Giant Polypore {black-staining polypore} [Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Family Meruliaceae:

Gloeoporus (=Caloporus) dichrous {gelatinous-pored polypore} [Lincoff]

Merulius tremellosus (=Phlebia tremellosa), Jelly Rot [Barron, Miller]

Phlebia incarnata [Barron, Miller]

Phlebia radiata, Wrinkled Crust [Barron]

Family Phanerochaetacdae:

Lopharia cinerascens {bristly parchment} [Lincoff]

Family Podoscyphaceae:

Cotylidia diaphana [Barron]

Famly Polyporaceae:

Cerrena unicolor {mossy maze polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Cryptoporus volvatus {veiled polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Daedaleopsis confragosa, Blushing Bracket {currycomb bracket, thin-maze flat polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Fomes fomentarius, Hoof Fungus or Tinder Bracket {tinder polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Globiformes graveolens {sweet knot} [Lincoff]

Hexagonia hirta (=Polyporus hirtus) {bitter iodine polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Laetiporus sulphureus, Chicken of the Woods {chicken of the woods, sulphur shelf} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Lenzites betulina, Birch Mazegill {birch lenzites, birch maze-gill, gilled bracket, multicolor gill polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight]

Phaeolus schweinitzii, Dyer’s Mazegill {die maker’s polypore, dye polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Polyporus alveolaris (=mori) [Barron, Miller] - Edible (when young)

Polyporus arcularius (=Favolus alveolaris) {spring polypore, hexagonal-pored polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Polyporus badius {bay-brown polypore, black-footed polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Polyporus brumalis, Winter Polypore {winter polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Polyporus radicatus {rooting polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Polyporus squamosus, Dryad’s Saddle {dryad’s saddle, dryad saddle, scaly polyporus} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Smith]

Polyporus umbellatus, Umbrella Polypore {umbrella polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight]

Polyporus varius {blackfoot polypore, elegant polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Poronidulus (=Trametes) conchifer {little nest polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Pycnoporus cinnabarinus {cinnabar polypore, cinnabar red polypore, cinnabar-red polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Trametes hirsuta, Hairy Bracket [Barron]

Trametes pubescens [Barron]

Trametes (=Coriolus) versicolor, Turkeytail {turkey tail, turkey-tail} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Trichaptum abietinum (=abietinus), Purplepore Bracket [Barron, Bessette]

Trichaptum biforme (=biformis {violet toothed polypore, purple-toothed polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Tyromyces chioneus {white cheese polypore} [Barron, Lincoff]

Family Steccherinaceae:

Irpex lacteus {milk-white toothed polypore} [Lincoff]

ORDER RUSSULALES

Family Bondarzewiaceae:

Bondarzewia berkeleyi {berkeley’s polypore} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Heterobasidion annosum, Root Rot [conifer-base polypore} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Family Peniophoraceae:

Peniophora rufa [Barron]

Family Stereaceae:

Stereum complicatum {crowded parchment} [Lincoff, Miller]

Stereum hirsutum, Hairy Curtain Crust {hairy parchment} [Barron, Lincoff]

Stereum ostrea {false turkey tail, false turkey-tail, false turkeytail} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Stereum (=Haematostereum) sanguinolentum, Bleeding Conifer {bleeding conifer parchment} [Lincoff]

Stereum striatum {silky parchment} [Lincoff]

Xylobolus frustulatus {ceramic fungus, ceramic parchment} [Barron, Lincoff]

ORDER THELEPHORALES

Family Bankeraceae:

Boletopsis subsquamosa {kurotake} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller] - Edible

Family Thelephoraceae:

Thelephora caryophyllea {carnation fungus, carnation groundwart} [Barron]

Thelephora palmata, Stinking Earthfan [Barron, Miller]

Thelephora terrestris, Earthfan {common fiber vase, earth fan, groundwart} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Sources:

Barron, George. 1999. Mushrooms of northeast North America: Midwest to New England. Lone Pine Publishing, Auburn, Washington. 336 pp.

Bessette, Alan, and Walter J. Sunderg. 1987. Mushrooms: a quick reference guide to mushrooms of North America. McMillan Publishing Company, New York, New York. 173 pp.

Lincoff, Gary H. 1987. The Audubon Society field guide to North American mushrooms. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York. 926 pp.

McKnight, Kent H., and Vera B. McKnight. 1987. A field guide to mushrooms of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 429 pp.

Miller, Orson K., and Hope H. Miller. 2006. North American mushrooms: a field guide to edible and inedible fungi. Falcon Guides, Guilford, Connecticut. 583 pp.

Smith, Alexander H., and Nancy Smith Weber. 1996. The mushroom hunter’s guide. University of Michigan Press and Thunder Bay Press. 316 pp.

Club and Coral Fungi of Berrien County, Michigan: A Preliminary List

Club and coral fungi are a diverse group named more for their similar external morphologies (specifically, a coral- or club-like shape) than for their close relationship. The so-called coral and club fungi are typically grouped together in field guides for ease of identification by observers in the field. Additional information about coral and club fungi can be found here, and images of some representative species can be viewed here.

Because the distribution and relative abundance of fungi has been poorly documented in the literature, the following list was derived by scanning six field guides at my disposal (Barron 1999, Bessette and Sundberg 1987, Lincoff 1987, McKnight and McKnight 1987, Miller and Miller 2006, and Smith and Weber 1996) and making educated guesses as to which species were likely to occur in Berrien County based on range and habitat descriptions. The 43 species listed below represent 16 genera, 10 families, 8 orders, and 2 subclasses. Given the current state of knowledge of local fungal diversity, I should again emphasize that this is a list of what is possible rather than a list of what has been confirmed in Berrien County and vicinity, and that I have erred on the side of being inclusive rather than exclusive in the case of questionable species.

Scientific names are those recognized by the Index Fungorum. Higher-order taxonomic categories (i.e., Families, Orders, Subclasses) follow the MushroomExpert; for genera not recognized by the MushroomExpert, taxonomic treatment follows the Index Fungorum.

There are no officially recognized common names for North American fungi. In many cases, however, North American species of Holarctic distribution have been assigned an "official" English name by the British Mycological Society (see Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK); these names are capitalized and appear immediately following the scientific name. Where available, other common name(s) shown in curly brackets in lower case are those that appear in one or more of the referenced field guides.

Authors of field guides treating each species are shown in straight brackets.

The few species that are Edible or POISONOUS are indicated as such.

Credit: Golden Coral (Ramaria aurea) is one of the edible coral fungi. This photo by Manfred Bromba is used here courtesy of permission granted by Wikipedia Commons.

Subclass AGARICOMYCETIDAE

ORDER AGARICALES

Family Clavariaceae:

Alloclavaria (=Clavaria) purpurea, Purple Spindles {purple club coral, purple coral} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Clavaria fragilis (=vermicularis), White Spindles {white worm coral, worm-like coral} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Clavaria fumosa, Smokey Spindles [Barron]

Clavaria rosea, Rose Spindles {rosy club coral} [Barron]

Clavaria zollingeri, Violet Coral {magenta coral} [McKnight, Miller]

Clavulinopsis corniculata, Meadow Coral [Barron]

Clavulinopsis fusiformis, Golden Spindles {spindle-shaped coral, spindle-shaped yellow coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Macrotyphula juncea, Slender Club {fairy thread} [Barron]

Multiclavula mucida {white green-algae coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Family Marasmiaceae:

Physalacria inflata {bladder stalks} [Lincoff]

ORDER CANTHARELLALES

Family Clavulinaceae:

Clavulina amethystina {violet-branched coral} [Lincoff]

Clavulina cinerea, Grey Coral {gray coral} [Barron, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Clavulina coralloides (=cristata), Crested Coral {cockscomb coral, crested coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller] - Edible

Clavulina (=Clavaria) ornatipes [Barron]

Clavulina rugosa [Barron] - Edible

ORDER PHALLALES

Family Gomphaceae:

Clavariadelphus ligula {strap-shaped coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller, Smith]

Clavariadelphus pistillaris, Giant Club {pestle-shaped coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Clavariadelphus truncatus {flat-topped coral} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Lentaria byssiseda {cotton-based coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Ramariopsis crocea {orange-yellow ramariopsis} [Barron]

Ramariopsis kunzei, Ivory Coral {white coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller] - Edible

Ramariopsis laeticolor [Barron]

Family Ramariaceae:

Ramaria abietina [Barron, Miller]

Ramaria apiculata {green-tipped coral} [McKnight]

Ramaria aurea {golden coral} [Barron, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Ramaria bataillei [Miller] - POISONOUS

Ramaria botrytis, Rosso Coral {clustered coral} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

Ramaria formosa, {pink-tipped coral, yellow-tipped coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Smith] - POISONOUS

Ramaria gelatinosa [Miller, Smith]

Ramaria stricta, Upright Coral {straight-branched coral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller, Smith]

Ramaria subbotrytis [Miller, Smith] - Edible

ORDER POLYPORALES

Family Sparassidaceae:

Sparassis crispa, Wood Cauliflower {eastern cauliflower mushroom} [Lincoff, Smith] - Edible

Sparassis laminosa (=herbstii) {eastern cauliflower} [Barron] - Edible

Sparassis spathulata {eastern cauliflower mushroom} [Bessette] - Edible

ORDER RUSSULALES

Family Auriscalpiaceae:

Artomyces pyxidatus (=Clavicorona pyxidata), Candelabra Coral {crown coral, crown-tipped coral) [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller, Smith] - Edible

ORDER THELEPHORALES

Family Thelephoraceae:

Thelephora terrestris, Earthfan {common fiber vase} [Lincoff]

Thelephora vialis {vase thelephore} [Lincoff]

Subclass SORDARIOMYCETIDAE

ORDER HYPOCREALES

Family Clavicipitaceae:

Cordyceps melolonthae {beetle cordyceps, rhinoceros beetle cordyceps} [Bessette, Lincoff]

Cordyceps militaris, Scarlet Caterpillarclub {orange-colored cordyceps, soldier grainy club, trooping cordyceps} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Cordyceps ophioglossoides, Snaketongue Truffleclub {adder’s tongue, goldenthread cordyceps} [Barron, Lincoff]

ORDER XYLARIALES

Family Xylariaceae:

Xylaria hypoxylon, Candlesnuff Fungus {carbon antlers} [Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight]

Xylaria longipes, Dead Moll's Fingers {stalked xylaria} [Barron]

Xylaria polymorpha, Dead Man's Fingers {dead man’s fingers, dead-man’s fingers} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Sources:

Barron, George. 1999. Mushrooms of northeast North America: Midwest to New England. Lone Pine Publishing, Auburn, Washington. 336 pp.

Bessette, Alan, and Walter J. Sunderg. 1987. Mushrooms: a quick reference guide to mushrooms of North America. McMillan Publishing Company, New York, New York. 173 pp.

Lincoff, Gary H. 1987. The Audubon Society field guide to North American mushrooms. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York. 926 pp.

McKnight, Kent H., and Vera B. McKnight. 1987. A field guide to mushrooms of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 429 pp.

Miller, Orson K., and Hope H. Miller. 2006. North American mushrooms: a field guide to edible and inedible fungi. Falcon Guides, Guilford, Connecticut. 583 pp.

Smith, Alexander H., and Nancy Smith Weber. 1996. The mushroom hunter’s guide. University of Michigan Press and Thunder Bay Press. 316 pp.

Jelly Fungi of Berrien County, Michigan: A Preliminary List

Credit: This photo of a jelly fungus by Walter Siegmund is used here courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

Jelly fungi are a diverse group named more for their similar external morphologies (specifically, a gelatinous appearance) than for their close relationship. Although many species of jelly fungi are relatively common, they can be difficult to locate because of the ephemeral nature of their fruiting bodies. Jelly fungi are typically grouped together in field guides for ease of identification by observers in the field. Additional information about jelly fungi can be found here, and images of some representative species can be viewed here.

Because the distribution and relative abundance of fungi has been poorly documented in the literature, the following list was derived by scanning five field guides at my disposal (Barron 1999, Bessette and Sundberg 1987, Lincoff 1987, McKnight and McKnight 1987, and Miller and Miller 2006) and making educated guesses as to which species were likely to occur in Berrien County based on range and habitat descriptions. The 20 species listed below represent 16 genera, 7 families, 4 orders, and 2 subclasses. Given the current state of knowledge of local fungal diversity, I should again emphasize that this is a list of what is possible rather than a list of what has been confirmed in Berrien County and vicinity, and that I have erred on the side of being inclusive rather than exclusive in the case of questionable species.

There are no officially recognized common names for North American fungi. In many cases, however, North American species of Holarctic distribution have been assigned an "official" English name by the British Mycological Society (see Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK); these names are capitalized and appear immediately following the scientific name. Where available, other common name(s) shown in curly brackets in lower case are those that appear in one or more of the referenced field guides.

Authors of field guides treating each species are shown in straight brackets.

The few species that are Edible indicated as such.

Subclass AGARICOMYCETIDAE

ORDER AGARICALES

Family Marasmiaceae:

Physalacria inflata {bladder fungus} [Barron]

Sublcass TREMELLOMYCEDIDAE

ORDER AURICULARIALES

Family Auriculariaceae:

Auricularia auricula, Jelly Ear {brown ear fungus, ear fungus, tree ear, tree-ear} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

ORDER DACRYMYCETALES

Family Dacrymycetaceae:

Calocera cornea, Small Stagshorn [Barron, Miller]

Calocera viscosa, Yellow Stagshorn {coral jelly fungus, yellow staghorn fungus, yellow tuning fork} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight]

Dacrymyces palmatus {orange jelly} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, Miller]

Dacryopinax spathularia {fan-shaped jelly fungus} [Barron]

Guepiniopsis (=Heterotextus) alpine [Barron]

ORDER TREMELLALES

Family Exidiaceae:

Ductifera pululahuana [Bessette]

Exidia glandulosa, Witch's Butter {black jelly roll, black witch’s butter, warty jelly fungus} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Gloeotromera (=Exidia) alba {white jelly fungus} [Barron]

Guepinia (=Phlogiotis) helvelloides, Salmon Salad {apricot jelly, apricot jelly fungus} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum, Jelly Tooth {jelly tooth, toothed jelly fungus} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Family Syzygosporaceae:

Syzygospora mycetophila [parasitic jelly} [Barron]

Family Tremellaceae:

Sebacina (=Tremella) concrescens [Barron]

Tremella foliacea, Leafy Brain {leaf jelly, leaf jelly fungus, jelly leaf} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller}

Tremella messenterica, Yellow Brain {witch’s butter} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Tremella reticulata (=reticularia) {white coral jelly, white coral jelly fungus} [Barron, McKnight, Miller]

Tremellodendron pallidum {false coral fungus, jellied false corral} [Barron, Lincoff, Miller]

Tremellodendron schweinitzii {false coral} [McKnight]

Family Tremellodendropsidaceae:

Tremellodentropsis semivestita (=semivestitum) [Barron]

Sources:

Barron, George. 1999. Mushrooms of northeast North America: Midwest to New England. Lone Pine Publishing, Auburn, Washington. 336 pp.

Bessette, Alan, and Walter J. Sunderg. 1987. Mushrooms: a quick reference guide to mushrooms of North America. McMillan Publishing Company, New York, New York. 173 pp.

Lincoff, Gary H. 1987. The Audubon Society field guide to North American mushrooms. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York. 926 pp.

McKnight, Kent H., and Vera B. McKnight. 1987. A field guide to mushrooms of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 429 pp.

Miller, Orson K., and Hope H. Miller. 2006. North American mushrooms: a field guide to edible and inedible fungi. Falcon Guides, Guilford, Connecticut. 583 pp.

Tooth Fungi of Berrien County, Michigan: A Preliminary List

Credit: Bearded Tooth (Hericium erinaceus) is one of the edible tooth fungi. This photo by Lebrac is used here courtesy of permission granted by Wikipedia Commons.

The so-called tooth fungi, sometimes aptly referred to as “fungi with spines,” is an artificial grouping based on external morphology; they are not necessarily closely related phylogenetically. Tooth fungi are usually grouped together in field guides for ease of identification by observers in the field.

In general, the distribution and relative abundance of fungi has been poorly documented in the literature. The following list was derived by scanning five field guides at my disposal (Barron 1999, Bessette and Sundberg 1987, Lincoff 1987, McKnight and McKnight 1987, and Miller and Miller 2006) and making educated guesses as to which species were likely to occur in Berrien County based on range and habitat descriptions. The 27 species listed below represent 13 genera, 7 families, 5 orders, and 2 subclasses. Given the current state of knowledge of local fungal diversity, I should again emphasize that this is a list of what is possible rather than a list of what has been confirmed in Berrien County and vicinity, and that I have erred on the side of being inclusive rather than exclusive in the case of questionable species.

There are no officially recognized common names for North American fungi. In many cases, however, North American species of Holarctic distribution have been assigned an "official" English name by the British Mycological Society (see Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK); these names are capitalized and appear immediately following the scientific name. Where available, other common name(s) shown in curly brackets in lower case are those that appear in one or more of the referenced field guides.

Authors of field guides treating each species are shown in straight brackets.

The few species that are Edible are so-designated.

Subclass ACARICOMYCETES

ORDER CANTHARELLALES

Family Hydnaceae:

Hydnum albidum {white hedgehog} [McKnight, Miller] - edible

Hydnum (=Dentinum) repandum, Wood Hedgehog {sweet tooth, hedgehog mushroom, spreading hedgehog} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Hydnum umbilicatum {depressed hedgehog} [Barron, McKnight] - Edible

ORDER POLYPORALES

Family Meruliaceae:

Climacodon septentrionalis (=septentrionale) {northern tooth, shelving tooth, stacka hydnum} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Family Steccherinaceae:

Irpex lacteus {milk-white toothed polypore} [Lincoff]

Mycorrhaphium (=Steccherinum) adustum {kidney-shaped tooth, smoky hydnum} [Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Steccherinum ochraceum {ochre spreading tooth} [Barron, Lincoff]

ORDER RUSSULALES

Family Auriscalpiaceae:

Auriscalpium vulgare, Earpick Fungus {pine cone fungus, pinecone mushroom, pinecone tooth} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Family Hericiaceae:

Hericium americanum [Barron, Miller] - Edible

Hericium coralloides (=ramosum), Coral Tooth {comb tooth, bear’s head tooth, comb hedgehog, coral hedgehog, waterfall hydnum} [Barron, Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Hericium erinaceus, Bearded Tooth {bearded tooth, bearded hedgehog, hedgehog mushroom} [Bessette, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller] - Edible

Mucronella bresadolae {icicle fungus} [Barron]

ORDER THELEPHORALES

Family Bankeraceae:

Bankera fuligineoalba, Drab Tooth {grayish white hydnum} [McKnight, Miller]

Bankera violascens (=carnosa), Spruce Tooth {fleshy hydnum} [Barron, McKnight]

Hydnellum aurantiacum, Orange Tooth {orange rough-cap tooth} [Lincoff]

Hydnellum caeruleum, Blue Tooth {blue spine, blue tooth, bluish tooth} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight]

Hydnellum concrescens, Zoned Tooth {zonate tooth} [Barron]

Hydnellum diabolus {Miller]

Hydnellum geogenium {yellow tooth} [Barron]

Hydnellum peckii, Devil's Tooth {bleeding tooth} [Barron]

Hydnellum suaveolens [Miller]

Hydnellum spongiosipes, Velvet Tooth {spongy foot, spongy-footed tooth} [Barron, Lincoff]

Phellodon confluens, Fused Tooth {fused cork hydnum} [McKnight]

Phellodon niger, Black Tooth {black tooth} [Lincoff, Miller]

Sarcodon imbricatus (=Hydnum imbricatum), Scaly Tooth {scaly hydnum, scaly tooth} [Barron, Lincoff, McKnight, Miller]

Sarcodon scabrosus, Bitter Tooth {bitter tooth, scaber hydnum) [Barron, McKnight]

Subclass TREMMELOMYCEDIDAE

ORDER TREMELLALES

Family Exidiaceae:

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum, Jelly Tooth {jelly false tooth} {Bessette]

Sources:

Barron, George. 1999. Mushrooms of northeast North America: Midwest to New England. Lone Pine Publishing, Auburn, Washington. 336 pp.

Bessette, Alan, and Walter J. Sunderg. 1987. Mushrooms: a quick reference guide to mushrooms of North America. McMillan Publishing Company, New York, New York. 173 pp.

Lincoff, Gary H. 1987. The Audubon Society field guide to North American mushrooms. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York. 926 pp.

McKnight, Kent H., and Vera B. McKnight. 1987. A field guide to mushrooms of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 429 pp.

Miller, Orson K., and Hope H. Miller. 2006. North American mushrooms: a field guide to edible and inedible fungi. Falcon Guides, Guilford, Connecticut. 583 pp.

Vines of Berrien County, Michigan

Credit: Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculata), courtesy of USDA Forest Service.

Vines constitute a particular growth form (or habit) of vascular plants. Plants USDA defines a vine as follows:

Twining/climbing plant with relatively long stems, can be woody or herbaceous.

The vines of Berrien County constitute a subset of the monocots and dicots known from the county.

Of the 48 species listed below, 13 occur only as vines; 27 can also be forbs/herbs under certain conditions; 3 can be subshrubs; 2 can be shrubs; 1 can be a forb/herb or subshrub; 1 can be a subshrub or shrub; and 1 can be a forb/herb, subshrub, or shrub, depending on conditions. These 48 species represent 27 genera, 19 families, 16 orders, and 2 classes.

Scientific and common names follow the online USDA Plants database. Species known to occur in Berrien County only as a result of human Introduction are denoted by [I]. Species for which there is a question as to their Native or Introduced origin are denoted [I?].

Species that have been determined to be of Special Plants in Michigan are denoted as follows: [SC] = Special Concern, [T] = Threatened.

Growth habits are denoted as follows: {f/b} = forb/herb, {ss} = subshrub [=dwarf shrub], {s} = shrub, {v} = vine (woody plus herbaceous). Species known to have woody stems are denoted with a {W}.

CLASS LILIOPSIDA (monocots)

ORDER LILIALES

Family Dioscoreaceae (yams):

Dioscorea vollosa, Wild Yam (f/h/v}

Family Smilacaceae (catbriers):

Smilax ecirrhata, Upright Carrionflower {f/h/v}

Smilax illinoensis, Illinois Greenbrier {f/h/v}

Smilax lasioneura, Blue Ridge Carrionflower {f/h/v}

Smilax rotundifolia, Roundleaf Greenbrier (s/v}

Smilax tamnoides, Bristly Greenbrier (s/v} {W}

CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA (dicots)

ORDER CELASTRALES

Family Celastraceae (bittersweet family):

Celastrus orbiculata, Oriental Bittersweet [I] {v} {W}

Celastrus scandens, American Bittersweet {v} {W}

Euonymus obovatus (=obovata), Running Strawberry Bush {ss/s/v}

ORDER DIPSACALES

Family Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family):

Lonicera dioica, Limber Honeysuckle {v} {W}

Lonicera japonica, Japanese Honeysuckle [I] {v} {W}

ORDER GENTIANALES

Family Apocynaceae (dogbane family):

Vinca minor, Common Periwinkle [I] {f/h/v} {W}

ORDER PAPAVERALES

Family Fumariaceae (fumitory family):

Adlumia fungosa, Allegheny Vine [SC] {f/h/v}

ORDER POLYGALALES

Family Polygonaceae (buckwheat family):

Polygonum arifolium, Halberdleaf Tearthumb {f/h/v}

Polygonum cilinode, Fringed Black Bindweed {f/h/v}

Polygonum convolvulus, Black Bindweed [I] {f/h/v}

Polygonum sagittatum, Arrowleaf Tearthum {f/h/v}

Polygonum scandens, Climbing False Buckwheat [I?] {f/h/v}

ORDER RANUNCULALES

Family Menispermaceae (moonseed family):

Menispermum canadense, Common Moonseed {v} {W}

Family Ranunculaceae (buttercup family):

Clematis virginiana, Devil’s Darning Needles {v} {W}

ORDER RHAMNALES

Family Vitaceae (grape family):

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (including inserta), Virginia Creeper {v} {W}

Vitis aestivalis, Summer Grape {v} {W}

Vitis labrusca, Fox Grape {v} {W}

Vitis riparia, Riverbank Grape {v} {W}

Vitis vulpina, Frost Grape [T] {v} {W}

ORDER ROSALES

Family Rosaceae (rose family):

Rosa multiflora, Multiflora Rose [I] {ss/v} {W}

Rosa setigera, Climbing Rose {ss/v} {W}

Rubus laciniatus, Cutleaf Blackberry [I] {ss/v} {W}

ORDER RUBIALES

Family Rubiaceae (madder family):

Galium aparine, Stickywilly {f/h/v}

Galium trifidum, Threepetal Bedstraw {f/h/v}

Galium verum, Yellow Spring Bedstraw [I] {f/h/v}

ORDER SAPINDALES

Family Anacardiaceae (sumac family):

Toxicodendron radicans, Eastern Poison Ivy {f/h/ss/s/v} {W}

ORDER SCROPHULARIALES

Family Bignoniaceae (trumpet-creeper family):

Campsis radicans, Trumpet Creeper {v} {W}

ORDER SOLANALES

Family Convolvulaceae (morning-glory family):

Calystegia sepsium, Hedge False Bindweed [I?] {f/h/v}

Calystegia silvatica, Shortstalk False Bindweed [I?] {f/h/v}

Convolvulus arvensis, Field Bindweed [I] {v}

Ipomoea pandurata, Man of the Earth [T] {f/h/v}

Ipomoea purpurea, Tall Morning-glory [I] {f/h/v}

Family Cuscutaceae (dodder family):

Cuscuta campestris, Fiveangled Dodder^ [SC] {f/h/v}

Cuscuta cephalanthi, Buttonbush Dodder {f/h/v}

Cuscuta glomerata, Rope Dodder [SC (last observed 1906)] {f/h/v}

Cuscuta grovoni, Scaldweed {f/h/v}

Family Solanaceae (potato family):

Solanum dulcamara, Climbing Nightshade [I] {f/h/ss/v}

ORDER URTICALES

Family Cannabaceae (hemp family):

Humulus lupulus, Common Hop [I?] {f/h/v}

ORDER VIOLALES

Family Cucurbitaceae (cucumber family):

Citrullus lanatus, Watermelon [I] {f/h/v}

Cucurbita foetidissima, Missouri Gourd {f/h/v}

Echinocystis lobata, Wild Cucumber {f/h/v}

Sicyos angulatus, Oneseed Bur Cucumber {f/h/v}

Shrubs of Berrien County, Michigan

Shrubs constitute a particular growth form (or habit) of vascular plants. Plants USDA defines a shrub as follows:

Perennial, multi-stemmed woody plant that is usually less than 4 to 5 meters (13 to 16 feet) in height. Shrubs typically have several stems arising from or near the ground, but may be taller than 5 meters or single-stemmed under certain environmental conditions.

The shrubs of Berrien County constitute a subset of the conifers, monocots, and dicots known from the county. The stems and roots of shrubs are typically woody in texture rather than herbaceous.

Of the 129 species listed below, 36 are known only as shrubs; 69 can also be trees under certain conditions; 14 can be subshrubs; 5 can be forbs/herbs or subshrubs; 3 can be a subshrubs or vines; 2 can be forbs/herbs, subshrubs, or vines, depending on conditions; and 1 can be a graminoid or subshrub. These 130 species represent 62 genera, 24 orders, 32 families, and 3 classes.

Scientific and common names follow the online USDA Plants database. Species known to occur in Berrien County only as a result of human Introduction are denoted by [I]. Species for which there is a question as to their Native or Introduced origin are denoted [I?].

Species that have been determined to be of Special Concern in Michigan are denoted as [SC].

Growth habits are denoted as follows: {f/b} = forb/herb, {g} = graminoid, {ss} = subshrub [=dwarf shrub], {s} = shrub, {t} = tree, {v} = vine (woody plus herbaceous).

CLASS PINOPSIDA (conifers)

ORDER PINALES

Family Cupressaceae (cypresses):

Juniperus communis, Common Juniper {s/t}

ORDER TAXALES

Family Taxaceae (yews)

Taxus canadensis, Canada Yew {s}

CLASS LILIOPSIDA (monocots)

ORDER AGAVALES

Family Agavaceae (century-plants):

Yucca filamentosa, Adam’s Needle (f/h/ss/s}

ORDER CYPERALES

Family Poaceae (grasses):

Phragmites australis, Common Reed (g/ss/s}

ORDER LILIALES

Family Smilaceae (catbriers):

Smilax rotundifolia, Roundleaf Greenbrier (s/v}

Smilax tamnoides, Bristly Greenbrier (s/v}

CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA (dicots)

ORDER CARYOPHYLLALES

Family Cactaceae (cactus family):

Opuntia humifusa, Devil’s-tongue {s}

ORDER CELASTRALES

Family Aquifoliaceae (holly family):

Ilex (=Nemopanthus) mucronata (=mucronatus), Catberry {s/t}

Ilex verticillata, Common Winterberry {s/t}

Family Celastraceae (bittersweet family):

Euonymus alatus (=alata), Burningbush [I] {s}

Euonymus europaeus (=europaea), European Spindletree [I] {s/t}

Euonymus hamiltonianus (=hamiltoniana), Hamilton’s Spindletree [I] {s/t}

Euonymus obovatus (=obovata), Running Strawberry Bush {ss/s/v}

ORDER CORNALES

Family Cornaceae [including Nyssaceae] (dogwood family):

Cornus alternifolia, Alternateleaf Dogwood {s/t}

Cornus amomum, Silky Dogwood {s}

Cornus canadensis, Bunchberry Dogwood {f/h/ss/s}

Cornus florida, Flowering Dogwood {s/t}

Cornus foemina, Stiff Dogwood {s/t}

Cornus rugosa, Roundleaf Dogwood {s/t}

Cornus sericea (=stolonifera), Redosier Dogwood {s/t}

ORDER DIPSACALES

Family Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family):

Diervilla lonicera, Northern Bush Honeysuckle {s}

Lonicera canadensis, American Fly Honeysuckle {s}

Lonicera maackii, Amur Honeysuckle [I] {s}

Lonicera morrowii, Morrow’s Honeysuckle [I] {s}

Lonicera tatarica, Tatarian Honeysuckle [I] {s}

Lonicera xylosteum, Dwarf Honeysuckle [I] {s}

Sambucus nigra (=canadensis), Black Elderberry [I?] {s/t}

Sambucus racemosa, Red Elderberry {s/t}

Symphoricarpos albus, Common Snowberry {ss/s}

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus, Coralberry {s}

Viburnum acerifolium, Mapleleaf Viburnum {ss/s}

Viburnum dentatum, Southern Arrow-wood {s/t}

Viburnum lentago, Nannyberry {s/t}

Viburnum nudum (=cassinoides), Withe-rod {s/t}

Viburnum opulus, American Cranberrybush {s/t}

Viburnum prunifolium, Blackhaw [SC] {s/t}

Viburnum rafinesqueanum (=rafinesquianum), Downy Arrow-wood {s}

ORDER ERICALES

Family Ericaceae (heath family):

Andromeda polifolia (=glaucophylla), Bog Rosemary {ss/s}

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Kinnickinnick {ss/s}

Chamaedaphne calyculata, Leatherleaf {s}

Epigaea repens, Trailing Arbutus {ss/s}

Gaultheria procumbens, Eastern Teaberry {ss/s}

Gaylussacia baccata, Black Huckleberry {s}

Vaccinium angustifolium, Lowbush Blueberry {ss/s}

Vaccinium corymbosum, Highbush Cranberry {s}

Vaccinium macrocarpon, Cranberry {ss/s}

Vaccinium oxycoccos, Small Cranberry {ss/s}

Vaccinium pallidum, Blue Ridge Blueberry {ss/s}

ORDER FABALES

Family Fabaceae [=Leguminoceae] (pea family):

Amorpha canescens, Leadplant^ [SC] {ss/s}

Cercis canadensis, Eastern Redbud {s/t}

Gleditsia triacanthos, Honeylocust {s/t}

Robinia hispida, Bristly Locust {s/t}

Robinia viscosa, Clammy Locust {s/t}

Family Betulaceae (birch family):

Alnus incana, Gray Alder {s/t}

Betula pumila, Bog Birch {s}

Carpinus caroliniana, American Hornbeam {s/t}

Corylus americana, American Hazelnut {s}

Ostrya virginiana, Hophornbeam {s/t}

Family Fagaceae (beech family):

Quercus macrocarpa, Bur Oak {s/t}

ORDER HAMAMELIDALES

Family Hamamelidaceae (witch-hazel family):

Hamamelis virginiana, American Witchhazel {s/t}

ORDER LAURALES

Family Lauraceae (laurel family):

Lindera benzoin, Northern Spicebush {s/t}

Sassafras albidum, Sassafras {s/t}

ORDER MAGNOLIALES

Family Ammonaceae (custard-apple family):

Asimina triloba, Pawpaw {s/t}

ORDER MYRICALES

Family Myricaceae (bayberry family):

Comptonia peregrina, Sweet Fern {ss/s}

ORDER MYRTALES

Family Lythraceae (loosestrife family):

Decodon verticillatus, Swamp Loosestrife {ss/s}

Family Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family):

Dirca palustris, Eastern Leatherwood {s}

ORDER RANUNCULALES

Family Berberidaceae (barberry family):

Berberis thunbergii, Japanese Barberry [I] {s}

Berberis vulgaris, Common Barberry [I] {s}

ORDER RHAMNALES

Family Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family):

Elaeagnus umbellata, Autumn Olive [I] {s}

Shepherdia canadensis, Russet Buffaloberry {s}

Family Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family):

Ceanothus americanus, New Jersey Tea {ss/s}

Frangula (=Rhamnus) alnus (=frangula), Glossy Buckthorn [I] {s/t}

Rhamnus alnifolia, Alderleaf Buckthorn {s}

Rhamnus cathartica, Common Buckthorn [I] {s/t}

ORDER ROSALES

Family Grossulariaceae (currant family):

Ribes americanum, American Black Currant {s}

Ribes aureum (=odoratum), Golden Currant {s}

Ribes cynosbati, Eastern Prickly Gooseberry {s}

Ribes hirtellum, Hairystem Gooseberry {s}

Family Rosaceae (rose family):

Amelanchier arborea, Common Serviceberry {s/t}

Amelanchier interior, Pacific Serviceberry {s/t}

Amelanchier laevis, Allegheny Serviceberry {s/t}

Amelanchier sanguinea, Roundleaf Serviceberry {s/t}

Crataegus calpodendron, Pear Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus crus-galli, Cockspur Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus dodgei, Dodge’s Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus holmesiana, Holmes’s Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus margarettiae, Margarett’s Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus pedicellata, Scarlet Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus pringlei, Pringle’s Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus punctata, Dotted Hawtorhn {s/t}

Malus coronaria, Sweet Crab Apple {s/t}

Malus ioensis, Prairie Crab Apple {s/t}

Photonia (=Aronia) floribunda (=prunifolia), Purple Chokeberry {s}

Physocarpus opulifolius, Common Ninebark {s}

Prunus americana, American Plum {s/t}

Prunus mahaleb, Mahaleb Cherry [I] {s/t}

Prunus pensylvanica, Pin Cherry {s/t}

Prunus pumila, Sandcherry {s}

Prunus serotina, Black Cherry {s/t}

Prunus virginiana, Chokecherry {s/t}

ORDER RUBIALES

Family Rubiaceae (madder family):

Cephalanthus occidentalis, Common Buttonbush {s/t}

ORDER SALICALES

Family Salicaceae (willow family):

Salix amygdaloides, Peachleaf Willow {s/t}

Salix bebbiana, Bebb Willow {s/t}

Salix candida, Sageleaf Willow {s}

Salix cordata, Heartleaf Willow {s}

Salix discolor, Pussy Willow {s/t}

Salix eriocephala, Missouri River Willow {s/t}

Salix exigua, Narrowleaf Willow {s/t}

Salix humilis, Prairie Willow {s}

Salix lucida, Shining Willow {s/t}

Salix myricoides, Bayberry Willow {s/t}

Salix petiolaris, Meadow Willow {s/t}

Salix purpurea, Purpleosier Willow [I] {s/t}

Salix sericea, Silky Willow {s/t}

Salix serissima, Autumn Willow {s/t}

ORDER SAPINDALES

Family Anacardiaceae (sumac family):

Rhus copallinum (=copallina), Winged Sumac {s/t}

Rhus glabra, Smooth Sumac {s/t}

Rhus typhina, Staghorn Sumac {s/t}

Toxicodendron radicans, Eastern Poison Ivy {f/h/ss/s/v}

Toxicodendron vernix, Poison Sumac {s/t}

Family Rutaceae (rue family):

Ptelea trifoliata, Common Hoptree {s/t}

Xanthoxylum americanum, Common Pricklyash {s/t}

Family Staphyleaceae (bladdernut family):

Staphylea trifolia, American Bladdernut {s/t}

ORDER SCROPHULARIALES

Family Oleaceae (olive family):

Ligustrum obtusifolium, Border Privet [I] {s}

Ligustrum vulgare, European Privet [I] {s}

Syringa vulgaris, Common Lilac [I] {s}

ORDER SOLANALES

Family Polemoniaceae (phlox family):

Phlox divaricata, Wild Blue Phlox {f/h/ss/s}

Phlox nivalis, Trailing Phlox {f/h/ss/s}

Phlox pilosa, Downy Phlox {f/h/ss/s}

Phlox subulata, Moss Phlox {f/h/ss/s}

Last Revised: 9/21/2010.

Dicots of Berrien County, Michigan

The dicots, short for dicotyledons (Class Magnoliopsida), are one of two classes of flowering plants, or angiosperms, within the Kingdom Plantae, the other being the monocots, or monocotyledons (Class Liliopsida). The major distinguishing features between monocots and dicots are discussed here.

Dicots number somewhat more than 200,000 species worldwide, with approximately 1,800 known from Michigan. I here list 999 species of dicots attributed to Berrien County (approximately 55 percent of the Michigan dicot flora) by the Online Atlas of Michigan Plants; these 999 species represent 42 orders, 103 families, and 456 genera.

As a class, the dicots are much more diverse than the monocots. The five most abundant dicot families—Asteraceae (asters), Rosaceae (roses), Fabaceae (peas), Brassicaceae (mustards), and Lamiaceae (mints)—account for just 38 percent of the dicot flora of Berrien County. By contrast, the two most abundant monocot families—Poaceae (grasses) and Cyperaceae (sedges)—account for a whopping 80 percent of the county’s monocot flora.

In the following list, scientific and common names follow the USDA Plants database. Species known to occur in Berrien County only as a result of human Introduction are denoted by [I]. Species for which there is a question as to their Native or Introduced origin are denoted [I?].

The status of species determined to be Special Plants in Michigan are denoted as follows: [T] = Threatened, [SC] = Special Concern, [X] = possibly Extirpated.

The growth habits of certain species are denoted as follows: {f/b} = forb/herb, {ss} = subshrub [=dwarf shrub], {s} = shrub, {t} = tree, {v} = vine (woody plus herbaceous); plants that occur only as forbs/herbs or are not so designated.

A hat (^) denotes the handful of species attributed to Berrien County in Michigan’s Special Plants database that are not also represented in the Online Atlas of Michigan Plants.

ORDER APIALES

Family Apiaceae [=Umbelliferaceae] (carrot family):

Aethusa cynapium, Fool’s Parsley [I]

Anethum graveolens, Dill [I]

Angelica atropurpurea, Purplestem Angelica

Berula erecta, Cutleaf Waterparsnip [T]

Chaerophyllum procumbens, Spreading Chervil

Cicuta bulbifera, Bulblet-bearing Water Hemlock

Cicuta maculata, Spotted Water Hemlock

Conium maculatum, Poison Hemlock [I]

Cryptotaenia canadensis, Canadian Honewort

Daucus carota, Queen Anne’s Lace

Erigenia bulbosa, Harbinger of Spring

Eryngium yuccifolium, Button Eryngo [T]

Heracleum maximum, Common Cowparsnip

Hydrocotyle umbellata, Mayflower Marshpennywort

Osmorhiza claytonii, Clayton’s Sweetroot

Osmorhiza longistylis, Longstyle Sweetroot

Oxypolis rigidior, Stiff Cowbane

Pastinaca sativa, Wild Parsnip [I]

Sanicula canadensis, Canadian Blacksnakeroot

Sanicula marilandica, Maryland Sanicle

Sanicula odorata, Clustered Blacksnakeroot

Sanicula trifoliata, Largefruit Blacksnakeroot

Sium suave, Hemlock Waterparsnip

Taenidia integerrima, Yellow Pimpernel

Thaspium barbinode, Hairyjoint Meadowparsnip

Thaspium trifoliatum, Purple Meadowparsnip

Torilis japonica, Erect Hedgeparsley [I]

Zizia aurea, Golden Zizia

Family Araliaceae (ginseng family):

Aralia hispida, Bristly Sarsaparilla

Aralia nudicaulis, Wild Sarsaparilla

Aralia racemosa, American Spikenard

Panax quinquefolius, American Ginseng [T]

Panax trifolius, Dwarf Ginseng

ORDER ARISTOLOCHIALES

Family Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family):

Aristolochia serpentaria, Virginia Snakeroot [T]

Asarum canadense, Canadian Wildginger

Asclepias amplexicaulis, Clasping Milkweed

Asclepias excaltata, Poke Milkweed

Asclepias incarnata, Swamp Milkweed

Asclepias purpurascens, Purple Milkweed [SC]

Asclepias syriaca, Common Milkweed

Asclepias tuberosa, Butterfly Milkweed

Asclepias verticillata, Whorled Milkweed

Asclepias viridiflora, Green Comet Milkweed

Cynanchum (=Vincetoxicum) rossicum, European Swallow-wort [I]

ORDER ASTERALES

Family Asteraceae [=Compositae] (aster family):

Achillea filipendulina, Fernleaf Yarrow [I]

Achillea millefolium, Common Yarrow [I?]

Ageratina (=Eupatorium) altissima (=rugosum), White Snakeroot

Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Annual Ragweed

Ambrosia psilostachya, Cuman Ragweed

Ambrosia trifida, Great Ragweed

Antennaria howellii, Howell’s Pussytoes

Antennaria neglecta, Field Pussytoes

Antennaria parlinii, Parlin’s Pussytoes

Anthemis arvensis, Corn Chamomile [I]

Anthemis cotula, Stinking Chamomile [I]

Arctium minus, Lesser Burdock [I]

Arnoglossum (=Cacalia) atriplicifolium (=atriplicifolia), Pale Indian Plantain

Arnoglossum (=Cacalia) plantagineum (=plantaginea), Groovestem Indian Plantain [SC]

Artemisia biennis, Biennial Wormwood [I]

Artemisia campestris, Field Sagewort

Artemisia ludoviciana, White Sagebrush

Artemisia vulgaris, Common Wormwood [I?]

Bellis perennis, Lawndaisy [I]

Bidens (=Megalodonta) beckii, Beck’s Water-marigold

Bidens cernus (=cernuus), Nodding Beggarticks

Bidens connatus, Purplestem Beggarticks

Bidens coronatus, Crowned Beggarticks

Bidens discoidea (=discoideus), Small Beggarticks

Bidens frondosa (=frondosus), Devil’s Beggarticks

Bidens tripartite (=comosus), Threelobe Beggarticks

Bidens vulgate (=vulgatus), Big Devils Beggarticks

Brickellia (=Kuhnia) eupatorioides, False Boneset [SC]

Centaurea stoebe, Spotted Knapweed [I]

Chondrilla juncea, Rush Skeletonweed [I]

Cichorium intybus, Chicory [I]

Cirsium altissimum, Tall Thistle

Cirsium arvense, Canada Thistle [I]

Cirsium discolor, Field Thistle

Cirsium hillii, Hill’s Thistle [SC (last observed 1932)]

Cirsium muticum, Swamp Thistle

Cirsium pitcheri, Sand Dune Thistle [T]

Cirsium vulgare, Bull Thistle [I]

Conoclinium (=Eupatorium) coelestinum, Blue Mistflower

Conyza canadensis, Canadian Horseweed

Coreopsis grandflora, Largeflower Tickseed

Coreopsis lanceolata, Lanceleaf Tickseed

Coreopsis palmata, Stiff Tickseed [T]

Coreopsis tripteris, Tall Tickseed

Crepis tectorum, Narrowleaf Hawksbeard [I]

Doellingeria (=Aster) umbellate (=umbellatus), Parasol Whitetop

Echinacea pallida, Pale Purple Coneflower

Echinops sphaerocephalus, Great Globethistle [I]

Erechtites hieraciifolia, American Burnweed

Erigeron annuus, Eastern Daisy Fleabane

Erigeron philadelphicus, Philadelphia Fleabane

Erigeron pulchellus, Robin’s Plantain

Erigeron strigosus, Prairie Fleabane

Eupatoriadelphus (=Eupatorium) fistulosa (=fistulosum), Trumpetweed [T]

Eupatoriadelphus (=Eupatorium) maculates (=maculatum), Spotted Trumpetweed

Eupatorium altissimum, Tall Thoroughwort

Eupatorium perfoliatum, Common Boneset

Eupatorium purpureum, Sweetscented Joe Pye Weed

Eupatorium serotinum, Lateflowering Thoroughwort

Eurybia (=Aster) macrophylla (=macrophyllus), Bigleaf Aster

Euthamia graminifolia, Flat-top Goldentop

Euthamia gymnospermoides (=remota), Texas Goldentop

Gaillardia pulchella, Firewheel [I]

Galinsoga quadriradiata, Shaggy Soldier [I]

Gamochaeta (=Gnaphalium) purpurea (=purpureum), Spoonleaf Purple Everlasting

Gnaphalium uliginosum, Marsh Cudweed [I]

Grindelia squarrosa, Curlycup Gumweed

Grindelia (=Haplopappus) papposa (=ciliatus), Spanish Gold

Helenium autumnale, Common Sneezeweed

Helianthus annuus, Common Sunflower

Helianthus decapetalus, Thinleaf Sunflower

Helianthus divaricatus, Woodland Sunflower

Helianthus giganteus, Giant Sunflower

Helianthus hirsutus, Hairy Sunflower^ [SC]

Helianthus mollis, Ashy Sunflower [T (last observed 1939)]

Helianthus occidentalis, Fewleaf Sunflower

Helianthus petiolaris, Prairie Sunflower

Helianthus tuberosus, Jerusalem Artichoke

Heliopsis helianthoides, Smooth Oxeye

Hieracium aurantiacum, Orange Hawkweed [I]

Hieracium caespitosum, Meadow Hawkweed [I]

Hieracium flagellare,

Hieracium gronovii, Queendevil

Hieracium kalmii, Kalm’s Hawkweed

Hieracium longipilum, Hairy Hawkweed

Hieracium paniculatum, Allegheny Hawkweed [SC]

Hieracium piloselloides, Mouse-ear Hawkweed [I]

Hieracium scabrum, Rough Hawkweed

Hypochaeris radicata, Hairy Cat’s Ear [I]

Inula helenium, Elecampane Inula [I]

Krigia biflora, Twoflower Dwarfdandelion

Krigia virginica, Virginia Dwarfdandelion

Lactuca biennis, Tall Blue Lettuce

Lactuca canadensis, Canada Lettuce

Lactuca hirsuta, Hairy Lettuce

Lactuca serriola, Prickly Lettuce [I]

Lapsana communis, Common Nipplewort [I]

Liatris aspersa, Tall Blazing Star

Liatris scariosa, Devil’s Bite

Liatris spicata, Dense Blazing Star

Leucanthemum (=Chrysanthemum) vulgare (=leucanthemum), Oxeye Daisy [I]

Matricaria discoidea, Disc Mayweed [I]

Oligoneuron (=Solidago) ohioense (=ohioensis), Ohio Goldenrod

Oligoneuron (=Solidago) riddellii, Riddell’s Goldenrod

Oligoneuron (=Solidago) rigidum (=rigida), Stiff Goldenrod

Packera (=Senecio) aurea (=aureus), Golden Ragwort

Packera (=Senecio) glabella (=glabellus), Butterweed

Packera (=Senecio) paupercula (=pauperculus), Balsam Groundsel

Packera (=Senecio) plattensis, Prairie Groundsel

Picris hieracioides, Hawkweed Oxtongue [I?]

Polymnia canadensis, Whiteflower Leafcup

Polymnia uvedalius (=uvedalia), Hairy Leafcup [T]

Prenanthes alba, White Rattlesnakeroot

Prenanthes altissima, Tall Rattlesnakeroot

Prenanthes racemosa, Purple Rattlesnakeroot

Pseudognaphalium (=Gnaphalium) macounii, MaCoun’s Cudweed

Pseudognaphalium (=Gnaphalium) obtusifolium, Rabbit-tobacco

Ratibida columnifera, Upright Prairie Coneflower

Ratibida pinnata, Pinnate Prairie Coneflower

Rudbeckia fulgida, Orange Coneflower

Rudbeckia hirta, Blackeyed Susan

Rudbeckia laciniata, Cutleaf Coneflower

Rudbeckia triloba, Browneyed Susan

Senecio vulgaris, Old-man-in-the-spring [I]

Silphium integrifolium, Wholeleaf Rosinweed [T]

Silphium lacinatum, Compassplant [T]

Silphium perfoliatum, Cup Plant [T]

Silphium terebinthinaceum, Prairie Rosinweed

Solidago altissima, Canada Goldenrod

Solidago caesia, Wreath Goldenrod

Solidago canadensis, Canada Goldenrod

Solidago flexicaulis, Zigzag Goldenrod

Solidago gigantea, Giant Goldenrod

Solidago hispida, Hairy Goldenrod

Solidago juncea, Early Goldenrod

Solidago nemoralis, Gray Goldenrod

Solidago patula, Roundleaf Goldenrod

Solidago rugosa, Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod

Solidago sempervirens, Seaside Goldenrod

Solidago simplex, Mt. Albert Goldenrod

Solidago speciosa, Showy Goldenrod

Solidago uliginosa, Bog Goldenrod

Solidago ulmifolia, Elmleaf Goldenrod

Sonchus arvensis, Field Sowthistle [I]

Sonchus asper, Spiny Sowthistle [I]

Sonchus oleraceus, Common Sowthistle [I]

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) borealis, Northern Bog Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) ciliatum (=brachyactis), Rayless Alkali Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) cordifolium (=cordifolius & sagittifolius), Common Blue Wood Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) dumosum (=dumosus), Rice Button Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) ericoides, White Heath Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) laeve (=laevis), Smooth Blue Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) lanceolatum (=lanceolatus), White Panicle Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) lateriflorum (=lateriflorus), Calico Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) novae-angliae, New England Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) ontarionis, Bottomland Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) oolentangiense (=oolentangiensis), Skyblue Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) pilusum (=pilosus), Hairy White Oldfield Aster

Symphyotrichum (=Aster) puniceum (=firmus & puniceus), Purplestar Aster

Tanacetum (=Chrysanthemum) balsamita, Costmary [I]

Tanacetum (=Chrysanthemum) parthenium, Feverfew [I]

Tanacetum vulgare, Common Tansy [I]

Taraxacum laevigatum (=erythrospermum), Rock Dandelion [I]

Taraxacum officinale, Common Dandelion [I?]

Tragopogon dubius, Yellow Salsify [I]

Tragopogon lamottei (=pratensis), Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon [I]

Tragopogon porrifolius, Salsify [I]

Tussilago farfara, Coltsfoot [I]

Verbesina alternifolia, Wingstem

Vernonia gigantean, Giant Ironweed

Vernonia missurica, Missouri Ironweed

Xanthium strumarium, Rough Cocklebur

ORDER CAMPANULALES

Family Campanulaceae (bellflower family):

Campanula aparinoides, Marsh Bellflower

Campanula rotundifolia, Bluebell Bellflower

Campanulastrium (=Campanula) americanum (=americana), American Bellflower

Lobelia cardinalis, Cardinalflower

Lobelia inflata, Indian-tobacco

Lobelia kalmii, Ontario Lobelia

Lobelia siphilitica, Great Blue Lobelia

Lobelia spicata, Palespike Lobelia

Triodanis perfoliata, Clasping Venus’ Looking-glass

ORDER CAPARALES

Family Brassicaceae [Cruciferae] (mustard family):

Alliaria petiolata, Garlic Mustard [I]

Alyssum alyssoides, Pale Madwort [I]

Arabidopsis thaliana, Mouse-ear Cress [I]

Arabis canadensis, Sicklepod

Arabis drummondii, Drummond’s Rockcress

Arabis glabra, Tower Rockcress

Arabis laevigata, Smooth Rockcress

Arabis lyrata, Lyrate Rockcress

Arabis missouriensis, Green Rockcress [SC]

Armoracia rusticana, Horseradish [I]

Barbarea verna, Early Yellowrocket [I]

Barbarea vulgaris, Garden Yellowrocket [I]

Berteroa incana, Hoary Alyssum [I]

Brassica nigra, Black Mustard [I]

Cakile edentula, American Searocket

Camelina microcarpa, Littlepod False Flax [I]

Capsella bursa-pastoris, Shepherd’s Purse [I]

Cardamine bulbosa, Bulbous Bittercress

Cardamine (=Dentaria) concatenata (=laciniata), Cutleaf Toothwort

Cardamine (=Dentaria) diphylla, Crinkleroot

Cardamine douglassii, Limestone Bittercress

Cardamine hirsuta, Hairy Bittercress [I]

Cardamine pensylvanica, Pennsylvania Bittercress

Cardamine pratensis, Cuckoo Flower

Cardaria draba, Whitetop [I]

Coincya monensis, Star-mustard [I]

Descurainia pinnata, Western Tansymustard

Diplotaxis muralis, Annual Wallrocket [I]

Draba reptans, Carolina Draba [T (last observed 1931)]

Draba (=Erophila) verna, Spring Draba [I]

Erucastrum gallicum, Common Dogmustard [I]

Erysimum cheiranthoides, Wormseed Wallflower [I]

Hesperis matronalis, Dames Rocket [I]

Lepidium campestre, Field Pepperweed [I]

Lepidium densiflorum, Common Pepperweed

Lepidium virginicum, Virginia Pepperweed

Lunaria annua, Annual Honesty [I]

Nasturtium officinale, Watercress [I]

Raphanus raphanistrum, Wild Radish [I]

Raphanus sativa, Cultivated Radish [I]

Rorippa palustris, Bog Yellowcress

Rorippa sylvestris, Creeping Yellowcress [I]

Sinapis (=Brassica) alba, White Mustard [I]

Sinapis (=Brassica) arvensis (=kaber), Wild Mustard [I]

Sisymbrium altissimum, Tall Tumblemustard [I]

Sisymbrium officinale, Hedgemustard [I]

Teesdalia nudicaulis, Barestem Teesdalia [I]

Thlaspi arvense, Field Pennycress [I]

Family Caparaceae (caper family):

Polanisia dodecandra, Redwhisker Clammyweed

ORDER CARYOPHYLLALES

Family Amaranthaceae (amaranth family):

Amaranthus albus, Prostrate Pigweed [I]

Amaranthus blitoides, Mat Amaranth [I]

Amaranthus hybridus, Slim Amaranth

Amaranthus powellii, Powell’s Amaranth

Amaranthus retroflexus, Redroot Amaranth

Amaranthus tuberculatus, Roughfruit Amaranth

Froelichia gracilis, Slender Snakecotton

Family Cactaceae (cactus family):

Opuntia humifusa, Devil’s-tongue {s}

Family Caryophyllaceae (pink family):

Agrostemma githago, Common Corncockle [I]

Arenaria serpyllifolia, Thymeleaf Sandwort [I]

Cerastium arvense, Field Chickweed [I?]

Cerastium fontanum, Common Mouse-ear Chickweed [I]

Cerastium semidecandrum, Fivestamen Chickweed [I]

Dianthus armeria, Deptford Pink [I]

Dianthus barbatus, Sweetwilliam [I]

Dianthus deltoides, Maiden Pink [I]

Herniaria glabra, Smooth Rupturewort [I]

Holosteum umbellatum, Jagged Chickweed [I]

Lychnis coronaria, Rose Campion [I]

Minuartia michauxii, Michaux’s Stitchwort

Moehringia lateriflora, Bluntleaf Sandwort

Paronychia canadensis, Smooth Forked Nailwort

Saponaria officinalis, Bouncingbet [I]

Scleranthus annuus, German Knotgrass [I]

Silene antirrhina, Sleepy Silene

Silene ameria, Sweet William Silene [I]

Silene conica, Striped Corn Catchfly [I]

Silene dichotoma, Forked Catchfly [I]

Silene latifolia, Bladder Campion [I]

Silene stellata, Widowsfrill [T

Silene vulgaris, Maidenstears [I]

Spergularia marina, Media Sandspurry [I]

Stellaria graminea, Grass-like Starwort [I]

Stellaria longifolia, Longleaf Starwort

Stelleria media (including pallida), Common Chickweed [I]

Vaccaria hispanica, Cow Soapwort [I]

Family Molluginaceae (carpet-weed family):

Mollugo verticillata, Green Carpetweed

Family Nyctaginaceae (four o’clock family):

Mirabilis linearis, Narrowleaf Four o’clock

Mirabilis nyctaginea, Heartleaf Four o’clock

Family Phytolacaceae (pokeweed family):

Phytolacca americana, American Pokeweed

Family Portulacaceae (purslane family):

Claytonia virginica, Virginia Springbeauty

Portulaca oleracea, Little Hogweed [I]

ORDER CELASTRALES

Family Aquifoliaceae (holly family):

Ilex (=Nemopanthus) mucronata (=mucronatus), Catberry {s/t}

Ilex verticillata, Common Winterberry {s/t}

Family Celastraceae (bittersweet family):

Celastrus orbiculata, Oriental Bittersweet [I] {v}

Celastrus scandens, American Bittersweet {v}

Euonymus alatus (=alata), Burningbush [I] {s}

Euonymus europaeus (=europaea), European Spindletree [I] {s/t}

Euonymus hamiltonianus (=hamiltoniana), Hamilton’s Spindletree [I] {s/t}

Euonymus obovatus (=obovata), Running Strawberry Bush {ss/s/v}

ORDER CHENOPODIALES

Family Chenopodiaceae (goosefoot family):

Atriplex patula, Spear Saltbush [I]

Chenopodium album, Lambsquarters [I?]

Chenopodium (=Dysphania) ambrosioides, Mexican Tea [I]

Chenopodium (=Dysphania) botrys, Jerusalem Oak Goosefoot [I]

Chenopodium simplex, Mapleleaf Goosefoot

Chenopodium subglabrum, Smooth Goosefoot

Corispermum pallasi, Siberian Bugseed [I]

Cycloloma atriplicifolium, Winged Pigweed

Bassia (=Kochia) scoparia, Burningbush [I]

Salsola tragus, Prickly Russian Thistle [I]

ORDER CORNALES

Family Cornaceae [including Nyssaceae] (dogwood family):

Cornus alternifolia, Alternateleaf Dogwood {s/t}

Cornus amomum, Silky Dogwood {s}

Cornus canadensis, Bunchberry Dogwood {f/h/ss/s}

Cornus florida, Flowering Dogwood {s/t}

Cornus foemina, Stiff Dogwood {s/t}

Cornus rugosa, Roundleaf Dogwood {s/t}

Cornus sericea (=stolonifera), Redosier Dogwood {s/t}

Nyssa sylvatica, Blackgum {t}

ORDER DIPSACALES

Family Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family):

Diervilla lonicera, Northern Bush Honeysuckle {s}

Linnaea borealis, Twinflower {f/h/ss}

Lonicera canadensis, American Fly Honeysuckle {s}

Lonicera dioica, Limber Honeysuckle {v}

Lonicera japonica, Japanese Honeysuckle [I] {v}

Lonicera maackii, Amur Honeysuckle [I] {s}

Lonicera morrowii, Morrow’s Honeysuckle [I] {s}

Lonicera tatarica, Tatarian Honeysuckle [I] {s}

Lonicera xylosteum, Dwarf Honeysuckle [I] {s}

Sambucus nigra (=canadensis), Black Elderberry [I?] {s/t}

Sambucus racemosa, Red Elderberry {s/t}

Symphoricarpos albus, Common Snowberry {ss/s}

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus, Coralberry {s}

Triosteum aurantiacum, Orangefruit Horse-gentian

Triosteum perfoliatum, Feverwort

Viburnum acerifolium, Mapleleaf Viburnum {ss/s}

Viburnum dentatum, Southern Arrow-wood {s/t}

Viburnum lentago, Nannyberry {s/t}

Viburnum nudum (=cassinoides), Withe-rod {s/t}

Viburnum opulus, American Cranberrybush {s/t}

Viburnum prunifolium, Blackhaw [SC] {s/t}

Viburnum rafinesqueanum (=rafinesquianum), Downy Arrow-wood {s}

Family Dipsacaceae (teasel family):

Dipsacus fullonum, Fuller’s Teasel [I]

Dipsacus laciniatus, Cutleaf Teasel [I]

Family Valerianaceae (valerian family):

Valeriana edulis, Tobacco Root [T]

Valeriana officinalis, Garden Vallerian [I]

Valerianella chenopodiifolia, Goosefoot Cornsalad [T]

Valerianella locusta, Lewiston Cornsalad [I]

ORDER ERICALES

Family Ericaceae (heath family):

Andromeda polifolia (=glaucophylla), Bog Rosemary {ss/s}

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Kinnickinnick {ss/s}

Chamaedaphne calyculata, Leatherleaf {s}

Epigaea repens, Trailing Arbutus {ss/s}

Gaultheria procumbens, Eastern Teaberry {ss/s}

Gaylussacia baccata, Black Huckleberry {s}

Vaccinium angustifolium, Lowbush Blueberry {ss/s}

Vaccinium corymbosum, Highbush Cranberry {s}

Vaccinium macrocarpon, Cranberry {ss/s}

Vaccinium oxycoccos, Small Cranberry {ss/s}

Vaccinium pallidum, Blue Ridge Blueberry {ss/s}

Family Monotropaceae (Indian-pipe family):

Monotropa hypopithys, Pinesap

Monotropa uniflora, Indianpipe

Family Pyrolaceae (shinleaf family):

Chimaphila maculata, Striped Prince’s Pine {ss}

Chimaphila umbellata, Pipsissewa {ss}

Orthilia secunda, Sidebells Wintergreen {ss}

Pyrola americana (=rotundifolia), American Wintergreen {ss}

Pyrola assarifolia, Liverleaf Wintergreen {ss}

Pyrola elliptica, Waxflower Shinleaf {ss}

ORDER EUPHORBIALES

Family Euphorbiaceae (spurge family):

Acalypha gracilens, Slender Threeseed Mercury

Acalypha rhomboidea, Common Threeseed Mercury

Chamaesyce (=Euphorbia) maculata, Spotted Sandmat

Chamaesyce (=Euphorbia) natans, Eyebane

Chamaesyce (=Euphorbia) polygonifolia, Seaside Sandmat

Chamaesyce (=Euphorbia) vermiculata, Wormseed Sandmat

Croton glandulosus, Vente Conmigo

Euphorbia commutata, Tinted Woodland Spurge [T]

Euphorbia corollata, Flowering Spurge

Euphorbia cyparissias, Cypress Spurge [I]

Euphorbia davidii, David’s Spurge [I]

Euphorbia esula, Leafy Spurge [I]

ORDER FABALES

Family Fabaceae [=Leguminoceae] (pea family):

Amorpha canescens, Leadplant^ [SC] {ss/s}

Amphicarpaea bracteata, American Hogpeanut

Apios americana, Groundnut

Astragalus canadensis, Canadian Milkvetch [T (last observed 1917)]

Baptisia alba (=lacteal), Largeleaf Wild Indigo [SC]

Cassia nictitans, Sensitive Partridge Pea

Cercis canadensis, Eastern Redbud {s/t}

Chamaecrista (=Cassia) fasciculate (=chamaecrista), Partridge Pea

Crotalaria sagittalis, Arrowhead Rattlebox

Desmodium canadense, Showy Ticktrefoil

Desmodium canescens, Hoary Ticktrefoil

Desmodium ciliare, Hairy Small-leaf Ticktrefoil

Desmodium cuspidatum, Largebract Ticktrefoil

Desmodium glutinosum, Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil

Desmodium illinoense, Illinois Ticktrefoil

Desmodium marilandicum, Smooth Small-leaf Ticktrefoil

Desmodium nudiflorum, Nakedflower Ticktrefoil

Desmodium obtusum, Stiff Ticktrefoil

Desmodium paniculatum, Panicleleaf Ticktrefoil

Desmodium rotundifolium, Prostrate Ticktrefoil

Desmodium sessilifolium, Sessileleaf Ticktrefoil

Gleditsia triacanthos, Honeylocust {s/t}

Glycine max, Soybean [I]

Gymnocladus dioicus, Kentucky Coffeetree [SC] {t}

Lathyrus japonicus, Beach Pea

Lathyrus latifolius, Perennial Pea [I]

Lathyrus ochroleucus, Cream Pea

Lathyrus palustris, Marsh Pea

Lathyrus venosus, Veiny Pea

Lespedeza capitata, Roundleaf Lespedeza

Lespedeza hirta, Hairy Lespedeza

Lespedeza violacea, Violet Lespedeza

Lespedeza virginica, Slender Lespedeza

Lotus corniculata, Bird’s-foot Trefoil

Lupinus perennis, Sundial Lupine

Medicago lupulina, Black Medick [I]

Medicago sativa, Alfalfa [I]

Melilotus officinalis (including albus [=alba]), Yellow Sweetclover [I]

Robinia hispida, Bristly Locust {s/t}

Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust {t}

Robinia viscosa, Clammy Locust {s/t}

Securigera (=Coronilla) varia, Crownvetch [I]

Strophostyles helvula, Amberique-bean [SC]

Tephrosia virginiana, Virginia Tephrosia

Trifolium arvense, Rabbitfoot Clover [I]

Trifolium aureum, Golden Clover [I]

Trifolium campestre, Field Clover [I]

Trifolium dubium, Suckling Clover [I]

Trifolium hybridum, Alsike Clover [I]

Trifolium pratense, Red Clover [I]

Trifolium repens, White Clover [I]

Vicia americana, American Vetch

Vicia caroliniana, Carolina Vetch

Vicia vilosa, Winter Vetch [I]

Vigna unguiculata, Blackeyed Pea [I]

Family Betulaceae (birch family):

Alnus incana, Gray Alder {s/t}

Betula alleghaniensis, Yellow Birch {t}

Betula papyrifera, Paper Birch {t}

Betula pendula, European White Birch [I] {t}

Betula pumila, Bog Birch {s}

Carpinus caroliniana, American Hornbeam {s/t}

Corylus americana, American Hazelnut {s}

Ostrya virginiana, Hophornbeam {s/t}

Family Fagaceae (beech family):

Castanea dentate, American Chestnut^ [E] {t}

Fagus grandifolia, American Beech {t}

Quercus alba, White Oak {t}

Quercus bicolor, Swamp White Oak {t}

Quercus imbricaria, Shingle Oak {t}

Quercus macrocarpa, Bur Oak {s/t}

Quercus muehlenbergii, Chinkapin Oak {t}

Quercus palustris, Pin Oak {t}

Quercus rubra, Northern Red Oak {t}

Quercus velutina, Black Oak {t}

ORDER GENTIANALES

Family Apocynaceae (dogbane family):

Apocynum androsaemifolium, Spreading Dogbane

Apocynum cannabinum, Indianhemp

Vinca minor, Common Periwinkle [I] {f/h/v}

Family Gentianaceae (gentian family):

Bartonia virginica, Yellow Screwstem

Centaurium erythraea, European Centaury [I]

Centaurium pulchellum, Branched Centaury [I]

Frasera caroliniensis, American Columbo

Gentiana alba, Plain Gentian

Gentiana andrewsii, Closed Bottle Gentian

Gentiana saponaria, Harvestbells [X (last observed 1867)]

Gentianella quinquefolia, Aquaweed [T]

Gentianopsis crinita, Greater Fringed Gentian

Gentianopsis virgata, Lesser Fringed Gentian

Sabatia angularis, Rosepink [T]

ORDER GERANIALES

Family Balsaminaceae (touch-me-not family):

Impatiens capensis, Jewelweed

Impatiens pallida, Pale Touch-me-not

Family Geraniaceae (gerianum family):

Erodium cicutarium, Redstem Stork’s Bill [I]

Geranium bicknellii, Bicknell’s Cranesbill

Geranium carolinianum, Carolina Geranium

Geranium columbinum, Longstalk Cranesbill [I]

Geranium maculatum, Spotted Geranium

Geranium molle, Dovefoot Geranium [I]

Geranium pusillum, Small Geranium [I]

Geranium robertianum, Robert Geranium [I?]

Family Limnanthaceae (meadow-foam family):

Floerkea proserpinacoides, False Mermaidweed

Family Oxalidaceae (wood-sorrel family):

Oxalis corniculata, Creeping Woodsorrel

Oxalis stricta (including fontana), Common Yellow Oxalis

Oxalis violacea, Violet Woodsorrel [T (last observed 1964)]

ORDER HALORAGALES

Family Haloragaceae (water milfoil family):

Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Twoleaf Watermilfoil

Myriophyllum sibiricum, Shortspike Watermilfoil

Myriophyllum verticillatum, Whorl-leaf Watermilfoil

Proserpinaca palustris, Marsh Mermaidweed

ORDER HAMAMELIDALES

Family Hamamelidaceae (witch-hazel family):

Hamamelis virginiana, American Witchhazel {s/t}

Family Platanaceae (plane-tree family):

Platanus occidentalis, American Sycamore {t}

ORDER LAMIALES

Family Boraginaceae (borage family):

Buglossoides (=Lithospermum) arvensis (=arvense), Corn Gromwell [I]

Cynoglossum officinale, Gypsyflower [I]

Echium vulgare, Common Viper’s Buglos [I]

Hackelia virginiana, Beggarslice

Lithospermum canescens, Hoary Puccoon

Lithospermum caroliniense, Carolina Puccoon

Myosotis discolor, Changing Forget-me-not [I]

Myosotis scorpioides, True Forget-me-not [I]

Onosmodium bejariense (=molle), Softhair Marbleseed [X (last observed 1838)]

Symphytum officinale, Common Comfrey [I]

Family Lamiaceae [=Labiateae] (mint family):

Acinos arvensis, Basil Thyme [I]

Agastache nepetoides, Yellow Giant Hyssop {f/h/ss}

Ajuga reptans, Common Bugle [I]

Blephilia ciliata, Downy Pagoda-plant

Blephilia hirsuta, Hairy Pagoda-plant

Clinopodium vulgare, Wild Basil

Glechoma hederacea, Ground Ivy [I]

Hedeoma hispida, Rough False Pennyroyal

Hedeoma pulegioides, American False Pennyroyal

Lamium amplexicaule, Henbit Deadnettle [I]

Lamium purpureum, Purple Deadnettle [I]

Leonurus cardiaca, Common Motherwort [I]

Lycopus americanus, American Water Horehound

Lycopus asper, Rough Bugleweed

Lycopus rubellus, Taperleaf Water Horehound

Lycopus uniflorus, Northern Bugleweed

Marrubium vulgare, Horehound [I] {f/h/ss}

Melissa officinalis, Common Balm [I]

Mentha arvensis, Wild Mint

Mentha piperita (=aquatica x spicata), Spearmint

Mentha spicata, Spearmint [I]

Mentha suaveolens, Apple Mint [I]

Mentha villosa (=spicata x suaveolens)

Monarda fistulosa, Wild Bergamot {f/h/ss}

Monarda punctata, Spotted Beebalm {f/h/ss}

Nepeta cataria, Catnip [I]

Origanum vulgare, Oregano [I]

Physostegia virginiana, Obediant Plant

Prunella vulgaris, Common Selfheal

Pycnanthemum muticum, Clustered Mountainmint [T]

Pycnanthemum tenuifolium, Narrowleaf Mountainmint

Pycnanthemum verticillatum (including pilosum), Whorled Mountainmint [SC/T]

Pycnanthemum virginianum, Virginia Mountainmint

Satureja hortensis, Summer Savory [I]

Scutellaria elliptica, Hairy Skullcap [SC]

Scutellaria galericulata, Marsh Skullcap

Scutellaria lateriflora, Blue Skullcap

Scutellaria parvula, Small Skullcap [T]

Stachys hyssopifolia, Hyssopleaf Hedgenettle

Stachys tenuifolia, Smooth Hedgenettle

Teucrium canadense, Canada Germander

Family Verbenaceae (verbena family):

Glandularia (=Verbena) canadensis, Rose Mock Vervain

Phryma leptostachya, American Lopseed

Phyla lanceolata, Lanceleaf Fogfruit

Verbena bracteata, Bigbract Verbena

Verbena hastata, Swamp Verbena

Verbena stricta, Hoary Verbena

Verbena urticifolia, White Vervain

ORDER LAURALES

Family Lauraceae (laurel family):

Lindera benzoin, Northern Spicebush {s/t}

Sassafras albidum, Sassafras {s/t}

ORDER LINALES

Family Linaceae (flax family):

Linum medium, Stiff Yellow Flax

Linum striatum, Ridged Yellow Flax

Linum usitallisimum, Common Flax [I]

Linum virginianum, Woodland Flax [T (last observed 1867)]

ORDER MAGNOLIALES

Family Ammonaceae (custard-apple family):

Asimina triloba, Pawpaw {s/t}

Family Magnoliaceae (magnolia family):

Liriodendron tulipifera, Tuliptree {t}

ORDER MALVALES

Family Malvaceae (mallow family):

Abelmoschus esculentus, Okra [I] {f/h/ss}

Abutilon theophrasti, Velvetleaf [I]

Alcea rosea, Hollyhock [I]

Althaea officinalis, Common Marshmallow [I]

Hibiscus moscheutos, Crimsoneyed Rosemallow [SC] {f/h/ss}

Malva moschata, Musk Mallow [I]

Malva neglecta, Common Mallow [I]

Malva sylvestris, High Mallow [I]

Family Tiliaceae (linden family):

Tilia americana, American Basswood {t}

ORDER MYRICALES

Family Myricaceae (bayberry family):

Comptonia peregrina, Sweet Fern {ss/s}

ORDER MYRTALES

Family Lythraceae (loosestrife family):

Decodon verticillatus, Swamp Loosestrife {ss/s}

Lythrum alatum, Winged Lythrum {f/h/ss}

Lythrum salicaria, Purple Loosestrife [I] {f/h/ss}

Rotala ramosior, Lowland Rotala [SC]

Family Melastomataceae (melastome family):

Rhexia virginica, Handsome Harry [SC]

Family Onagraceae (evening primrose family):

Chamerion (=Epilobium) angustifolium, Fireweed

Circaea alpina, Small Enchanter’s Nightshade

Circaea lutetiana, Broadleaf Enchanter’s Nightshade

Epilobium coloratum, Purpleleaf Willowherb

Epilobium hirsutum, Codlins and Cream [I]

Epilobium leptophyllum, Bog Willowherb

Gaura biennis, Biennial Beeblossom

Ludwigia alternifolia, Seedbox [SC]

Ludwigia palustris, Marsh Seedbox

Oenothera biennis, Common Evening Primrose

Oenothera clelandii, Cleland’s Evening Primrose

Oenothera fruticosa, Narrowleaf Evening Primrose

Oenothera laciniata, Cutleaf Evening Primrose

Oenothera oakesiana, Oakes’s Evening Primrose

Oenothera parviflora, Northern Evening Primrose

Oenothera perennis, Little Evening Primrose

Oenothera pilosella, Meadow Evening Primrose

Oenothera villosa, Hairy Evening Primrose

Family Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family):

Dirca palustris, Eastern Leatherwood {s}

ORDER NEPENTHALES

Family Droseraceae (sundew family):

Drosera intermedia, Spoonleaf Sundew

Drosera rotundifolia, Roundleaf Sundew

Family Sarraceniaceae (pitcher-plant family):

Sarracenia purpurea, Purple Pitcherplant {f/h/ss}

ORDER NYMPHAEALES

Family Cabombaceae (water-shield family):

Brasenia schreberi, Watershield

Family Ceratophyllaceae (hornwort family):

Ceratophyllum demersum, Coon’s Tail

Family Nelumbonaceae (lotus-lily family):

Nelumbo lutea, American Lotus^ [T]

Family Nymphaeaceae (water-lily family):

Nuphar lutea (=advena; includes variegata), Yellow Pond-lily

Nymphaea odorata, American White Waterlily

ORDER PAPAVERALES

Family Fumariaceae (fumitory family):

Adlumia fungosa, Allegheny Vine [SC] {f/h/v}

Corydalis flavula, Yellow Fumewort [T]

Corydalis sempervirens, Rock Harlequin

Dicentra canadensis, Squirrel Corn

Dicentra cucullaria, Dutchman’s Britches

Family Papaveraceae (poppy family):

Chelidonium majus, Celandine [I]

Sanguinaria canadensis, Bloodroot

Stylophorum diphyllum, Celandine Poppy

ORDER PIPERALES

Family Saururaceae (lizard’s-tail family):

Saururus cernuus, Lizard’s Tail

ORDER PLANTAGINALES

Family Plantaginaceae (plantain family):

Plantago aristata, Largebracted Plantain

Plantago lanceolata, Narrowleaf Plantain [I]

Plantago major, Common Plantain [I]

Plantago psyllium (=arenaria), Sand Plantain [I]

Plantago rugelii, Blackseed Plantain

Plantago virginica, Virginia Plantain

ORDER POLYGALALES

Family Polygalaceae (milkwort family):

Polygala cruciata, Drumheads [SC]

Polygala polygama, Racemed Milkwort

Polygala sanguinea, Purple Milkwort

Polygala senega, Seneca Snakewort

Polygala verticillata, Whorled Milkwort

Family Polygonaceae (buckwheat family):

Fagopyrum esculentum, Buckwheat [I]

Polygonella articulata, Coastal Jointweed

Polygonum achoreum, Leathery Knotweed

Polygonum amphibium, Water Knotweed

Polygonum arifolium, Halberdleaf Tearthumb {f/h/v}

Polygonum aviculare, Prostrate Knotweed [I]

Polygonum careyi, Carey’s Smartweed

Polygonum cilinode, Fringed Black Bindweed {f/h/v}

Polygonum convolvulus, Black Bindweed [I] {f/h/v}

Polygonum cuspidatum, Japanese Knotweed [I] {f/h/ss}

Polygonum hydropiper, Marshpepper Knotweed

Polygonum hydropiperoides, Swamp Smartweed

Polygonum lapathifolium, Curlytop Knotweed

Polygonum pensylvanicum, Pennsylvania Smartweed

Polygonum persicaria, Spotted Ladysthumb [I]

Polygonum punctatum, Dotted Smartweed

Polygonum sagittatum, Arrowleaf Tearthum {f/h/v}

Polygonum scandens, Climbing False Buckwheat [I?] {f/h/v}

Polygonum tenue, Pleatleaf Knotweed

Polygonum virginianum, Jumpseed

Rumex acetosella, Common Sheep Sorrel [I]

Rumex altissimus, Pale Dock

Rumex crispus, Curly Dock [I]

Rumex obtusifolius, Bitter Dock [I]

Rumex orbiculatus, Greater Water Dock

Rumex verticillatus, Swamp Dock

ORDER PRIMULALES

Family Primulaceae (primrose family):

Anagallis arvensis, Scarlet Pimpernel [I]

Androsace occidentalis, Western Rockjasmine [E (last observed 1931)]

Dodecatheon meadia, Pride of Ohio [E]

Lysimachia ciliata, Fringed Loosestrife

Lysimachia lanceolata, Lanceleaf Loosestrife

Lysimachia nummularia, Creeping Jenny

Lysimachia quadriflora, Fourflower Yellow Loosestrife

Lysimachia quadrifolia, Whorled Yellow Loosestrife

Lysimachia terrestris, Earth Loosestrife

Lysimachia thyrsilora, Tufted Loosestrife

Samolus valerandi (=parviflorus), Seaside Brookweed [I?]

Trientalis borealis, Starflower

ORDER RANUNCULALES

Family Berberidaceae (barberry family):

Berberis thunbergii, Japanese Barberry [I] {s}

Berberis vulgaris, Common Barberry [I] {s}

Caulophyllum thalictroides, Blue Cohosh

Jeffersonia diphylla, Twinleaf [SC]

Podophyllum peltatum, Mayapple

Family Menispermaceae (moonseed family):

Menispermum canadense, Common Moonseed {v}

Family Ranunculaceae (buttercup family):

Actaea pachypoda, White Baneberry

Actaea rubra, Red Baneberry

Anemone canadensis, Canadian Anemone

Anemone cylindrica, Candle Anemone

Anemone quinquefolia, Wood Anemone

Anemone virginiana, Tall Thimbleweed

Aquilegia canadensis, Red Columbine

Aquilegia vulgaris, European Columbine [I]

Caltha palustris, Yellow Marsh Marigold

Clematis virginiana, Devil’s Darning Needles {v}

Consolida ajacis, Doubtful Knight’s-spur [I]

Coptis trifolia, Threeleaf Goldthread

Enemion biternatum, Eastern False Rue Enemone

Hepatica (=Anemone) nobilis (=acutiloba & americana), Sharplobe / Roundlobe Hepatica

Hydrastis canadensis, Goldenseal [T]

Ranunculus abortivus, Littleleaf Buttercup

Ranunculus acris, Tall Buttercup [I?]

Ranunculus aquatilis, White Water Crowfoot

Ranunculus fascicularis, Early Buttercup

Ranunculus flabellaris, Yellow Water Buttercup

Ranunculus hispidis, Bristly Buttercup

Ranunculus pensylvanicus, Pennsylvania Buttercup

Ranunculus recurvatus, Blisterwort

Ranunculus repens, Creeping Buttercup

Ranunculus sceleratus, Cursed Buttercup

Thalictrum dasycarpum, Purple Meadow-rue

Thalictrum dioicum, Early Meadow-rue

Thalictrum thalictroides, Rue Anemone

ORDER RHAMNALES

Family Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family):

Elaeagnus umbellata, Autumn Olive [I] {s}

Shepherdia canadensis, Russet Buffaloberry {s}

Family Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family):

Ceanothus americanus, New Jersey Tea {ss/s}

Frangula (=Rhamnus) alnus (=frangula), Glossy Buckthorn [I] {s/t}

Rhamnus alnifolia, Alderleaf Buckthorn {s}

Rhamnus cathartica, Common Buckthorn [I] {s/t}

Family Vitaceae (grape family):

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (including inserta), Virginia Creeper {v}

Vitis aestivalis, Summer Grape {v}

Vitis labrusca, Fox Grape {v}

Vitis riparia, Riverbank Grape {v}

Vitis vulpina, Frost Grape [T] {v}

ORDER ROSALES

Family Crassulaceae [including Penthoraceae] (stonecrop family):

Hylotelephium (=Sedum) telephium, Witch’s Moneybags [I]

Penthorum sedoides, Ditch Stonecrop

Sedum acre, Goldmoss Stonecrop [I]

Sedum album, White Stonecrop [I]

Sedum sarmentosum, Stringy Stonecrop [I]

Sedum spurium, Tworow Stonecrop [I]

Sedum ternatum, Woodland Stonecrop

Family Grossulariaceae (currant family):

Ribes americanum, American Black Currant {s}

Ribes aureum (=odoratum), Golden Currant {s}

Ribes cynosbati, Eastern Prickly Gooseberry {s}

Ribes hirtellum, Hairystem Gooseberry {s}

Family Rosaceae (rose family):

Agrimonia gryposepala, Tall Hairy Agrimony

Agrimonia parviflora, Harvestlice

Agrimonia pubescens, Soft Agrimony

Amelanchier arborea, Common Serviceberry {s/t}

Amelanchier interior, Pacific Serviceberry {s/t}

Amelanchier laevis, Allegheny Serviceberry {s/t}

Amelanchier sanguinea, Roundleaf Serviceberry {s/t}

Argentina (=Potentilla) anserine, Silverweed Cinquefoil

Comarum (=Potentilla) palustre (=palustris), Purple Marshlocks

Crataegus calpodendron, Pear Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus crus-galli, Cockspur Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus dodgei, Dodge’s Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus holmesiana, Holmes’s Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus margarettiae, Margarett’s Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus pedicellata, Scarlet Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus pringlei, Pringle’s Hawthorn {s/t}

Crataegus punctata, Dotted Hawtorhn {s/t}

Dasiphora (=Potentilla) fruticosa, Shrubby Cinquefoil

Duchesnea indica, Indian Strawberry [I]

Filipendula rubra, Queen of the Prairie [T]

Fragaria virginiana, Virginia Strawberry

Geum aleppicum, Yellow Avens

Geum canadense, White Avens

Geum laciniatum, Rough Avens

Geum rivale, Purple Avens

Malus coronaria, Sweet Crab Apple {s/t}

Malus ioensis, Prairie Crab Apple {s/t}

Malus pumila, Paradise Apple [I] {t}

Photonia (=Aronia) floribunda (=prunifolia), Purple Chokeberry {s}

Physocarpus opulifolius, Common Ninebark {s}

Potentilla argentea, Silver Cinquefoil [I]

Potentilla arguta, Tall Cinquefoil {f/h/ss}

Potentilla inclinata, Ashy Cinquefoil [I]

Potentilla norvegica, Norwegian Cinquefoil

Potentilla recta, Sulphur Cinquefoil [I]

Potentilla simplex, Common Cinquefoil

Prunus americana, American Plum {s/t}

Prunus avium, Sweet Cherry [I] {t}

Prunus domestica, European Plum [I] {t}

Prunus mahaleb, Mahaleb Cherry [I] {s/t}

Prunus pensylvanica, Pin Cherry {s/t}

Prunus pumila, Sandcherry {s}

Prunus serotina, Black Cherry {s/t}

Prunus virginiana, Chokecherry {s/t}

Pyrus communis, Common Pear [I] {t}

Rosa acicularia, Prickly Rose {ss}

Rosa blanda, Smooth Rose {ss}

Rosa carolina, Carolina Rose {ss}

Rosa cinnamomea, Cinnamon Rose [I] {ss}

Rosa eglanteria, Sweetbriar Rose [I] {ss}

Rosa multiflora, Multiflora Rose [I] {ss/v}

Rosa palustris, Swamp Rose {ss}

Rosa rugosa, Rugosa Rose [I] {ss}

Rosa setigera, Climbing Rose {ss/v}

Rubus allegheniensis, Allegheny Blackberry {ss}

Rubus flagellaris, Northern Dewberry {ss}

Rubus hispidus, Bristly Dewberry {ss}

Rubus idaeus (=strigosus), Grayleaf Red Raspberry {ss}

Rubus laciniatus, Cutleaf Blackberry [I] {ss/v}

Rubus occidentalis, Black Raspberry {ss}

Rubus pensilvanicus, Pennsylvania Blackberry {ss}

Rubus pubescens, Dwarf Red Blackberry {f/h/ss}

Spiraea alba, White Meadowsweet {s}

Spiraea tomentosa, Steeplebush {s}

Family Saxifragaceae (saxifrage family):

Chrysosplenium americanum, American Golden Saxifrage

Heuchera americanum, American Alumroot

Heuchera richardsoni, Richardson’s Alumroot

Mitella diphylla, Twoleaf Miterwort

Mitella nuda, Naked Miterwort

Parnassia glauca, Fen Grass of Parnassius

Saxifraga pensylvanica, Eastern Swamp Saxifrage

Tiarella cordifolia, Heartleaf Foamflower

ORDER RUBIALES

Family Rubiaceae (madder family):

Cephalanthus occidentalis, Common Buttonbush {s/t}

Diodia teres, Poorjoe

Galium aparine, Stickywilly {f/h/v}

Galium asprellum, Rough Bedstraw

Galium boreale, Northern Bedstraw {f/h/ss}

Galium circaezans, Licorice Bedstraw

Galium concinnum, Shining Bedstraw

Galium labradorium, Northern Bog Bedstraw

Galium lanceolatum, Lanceleaf Wild Bedstraw

Galium mollugo, False Baby’s Breath [I]

Galium obtusum, Bluntleaf Bedstraw

Galium palustre, Common Marsh Bedstraw

Galium pilosum, Hairy Bedstraw

Galium tinctorium, Stiff Marsh Bedstraw

Galium trifidum, Threepetal Bedstraw {f/h/v}

Galium verum, Yellow Spring Bedstraw [I] {f/h/v}

Mitchella repens, Partridgeberry {f/h/ss}

Sherardia arvensis, Blue Fieldmadder [I]

ORDER SALICALES

Family Salicaceae (willow family):

Populus alba, White Poplar [I] {t}

Populus balsamifera, Balsam Poplar {t}

Populus deltoides, Eastern Cottonwood {t}

Populus grandidentata, Bigtooth Aspen {t}

Populus heterophylla, Swamp Cottonwood [E] {t}

Populus nigra, Lombardy Poplar [I] {t}

Populus tremuloides, Quacking Aspen {t}

Salix alba, White Willow [I] {t}

Salix amygdaloides, Peachleaf Willow {s/t}

Salix bebbiana, Bebb Willow {s/t}

Salix candida, Sageleaf Willow {s}

Salix cordata, Heartleaf Willow {s}

Salix discolor, Pussy Willow {s/t}

Salix eriocephala, Missouri River Willow {s/t}

Salix exigua, Narrowleaf Willow {s/t}

Salix fragilis, Crack Willow [I] {t}

Salix humilis, Prairie Willow {s}

Salix lucida, Shining Willow {s/t}

Salix myricoides, Bayberry Willow {s/t}

Salix nigra, Black Willow {t}

Salix pentandra, Laurel Willow [I] {t}

Salix petiolaris, Meadow Willow {s/t}

Salix purpurea, Purpleosier Willow [I] {s/t}

Salix sericea, Silky Willow {s/t}

Salix serissima, Autumn Willow {s/t}

ORDER SANTALALES

Family Santalaceae (sandalwood family):

Comandra umbellata, Bastard Toadflax {f/h/ss}

ORDER SAPINDALES

Family Aceraceae (maple family):

Acer negundo, Boxelder {t}

Acer platanoides, Norway Maple [I] {t}

Acer nigrum (=saccharum nigrum), Black Maple {t}

Acer rubrum, Red Maple {t}

Acer saccharinum, Silver Maple {t}

Acer saccharum, Sugar Maple {t}

Family Anacardiaceae (sumac family):

Rhus pulvinata, Northern Smooth Sumac {t}

Rhus copallinum (=copallina), Winged Sumac {s/t}

Rhus glabra, Smooth Sumac {s/t}

Rhus typhina, Staghorn Sumac {s/t}

Toxicodendron radicans, Eastern Poison Ivy {f/h/ss/s/v}

Toxicodendron vernix, Poison Sumac {s/t}

Family Hippocastanaceae (horse-chestnut family):

Aesculus glabra, Ohio Buckeye {t}

Aesculus hippocastatum, Horse Chestnut [I] {t}

Family Rutaceae (rue family):

Ptelea trifoliata, Common Hoptree {s/t}

Xanthoxylum americanum, Common Pricklyash {s/t}

Family Simaroubaceae (quassia family):

Ailanthus altissima, Tree of Heaven [I] {t}

Family Staphyleaceae (bladdernut family):

Staphylea trifolia, American Bladdernut {s/t}

Family Zygophyllaceae (creosote-bush family):

Tribulus terrestris, Puncturevine [I]

ORDER SCROPHULARIALES

Family Bignoniaceae (trumpet-creeper family):

Campsis radicans, Trumpet Creeper {v}

Catalpa speciosa, Northern Catalpa {t}

Family Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family):

Utricularia cornuta, Horned Bladderwort

Utricularia gibba, Humped Bladderwort

Utricularia inflata, Swollen Bladderwort^ [E]

Utricularia intermedia, Flatleaf Bladderwort

Utricularia macrorhiza (=vulgaris), Common Bladderwort

Utricularia minor, Lesser Bladderwort

Utricularia purpurea, Eastern Purple Bladderwort

Utricularia radiata, Little Floating Bladderwort

Utricularia subulata, Zigzag Bladderwort [T]

Family Oleaceae (olive family):

Fraxinus americana, White Ash {t}

Fraxinus nigra, BlackAsh {t}

Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash {t}

Fraxinus profunda, Pumpkin Ash [T] {t}

Fraxinus quadrangulata, Blue Ash {t}

Ligustrum obtusifolium, Border Privet [I] {s}

Ligustrum vulgare, European Privet [I] {s}

Syringa vulgaris, Common Lilac [I] {s}

Family Orobanchaceae (broom-rape family):

Conopholis americana, American Cancer-root

Epifagus virginiana, Beechdrops

Orobanche uniflora, Oneflowered Broomrape

Family Scrophulariaceae (figwort family):

Agalinis purpurea, Purple False Foxglove

Agalinis tenuifolia, Slenderleaf False Foxglove

Aureolaria flava, Smooth Yellow False Foxglove

Aureolaria pedicularia, Fernleaf Yellow False Foxglove

Aureolaria virginica, Downy Yellow False Foxglove

Castilleja coccinea, Scarlet Indian Paintbrush

Chaenorrhinum minus, Dwarf Snapdragon [I]

Chelone glabra, White Turtlehead

Collinsia verna, Spring Blue Eyed Mary

Dasistoma macrophylla, Mullein Foxglove

Gratiola neglecta, Clammy Hedgehyssop

Gratiola virginiana, Roundfruit Hedgehyssop [T]

Kickxia elatine, Sharpleaf Cancerwort [I]

Linaria vulgaris, Butter and Eggs [I]

Lindernia dubia, Yellowseed False Pimpernel

Mazus miquelii (=reptans), Miquel’s Mazus [I]

Melampyrum lineare, Narroleaf Cow-wheat

Mimulus ringens, Allegheny Monkeyflower

Nuttallanthus (=Linaria) canadensis, Canadian Toadfax

Pedicularis canadensis, Canadian Lousewort

Pedicularis lanceolata, Swamp Lousewort

Penstemon digitalis, Talus Slope Penstemon

Penstemon hirsutus, Hairy Beardtongue

Scrophularia lanceolata, Lanceleaf Figwort

Scrophularia marilandica, Carpenter’s Square

Verbascum blattaria, Moth Mullein [I]

Verbascum thapsus, Common Mullein [I]

Veronica arvensis, Corn Speedwell [I]

Veronica beccabunda, European Speedwell [I]

Veronica officinalis, Common Gypsyweed [I]

Veronica peregrina, Neckweed

Veronica persica, Birdeye Speedwell [I]

Veronica polita, Gray Field Speedwell [I]

Veronica scutellata, Skullcap Speedwell

Veronica serpyllifolia, Thymeleaf Speedwell [I?]

Veronica verna, Spring Speedwell [I]

Veronicastrum virginicum, Culver’s Root

ORDER SOLANALES

Family Convolvulaceae (morning-glory family):

Calystegia sepsium, Hedge False Bindweed [I?] {f/h/v}

Calystegia silvatica, Shortstalk False Bindweed [I?] {f/h/v}

Convolvulus arvensis, Field Bindweed [I] {v}

Ipomoea pandurata, Man of the Earth [T] {f/h/v}

Ipomoea purpurea, Tall Morning-glory [I] {f/h/v}

Family Cuscutaceae (dodder family):

Cuscuta campestris, Fiveangled Dodder^ [SC] {f/h/v}

Cuscuta cephalanthi, Buttonbush Dodder {f/h/v}

Cuscuta glomerata, Rope Dodder [SC (last observed 1906)] {f/h/v}

Cuscuta grovoni, Scaldweed {f/h/v}

Family Hydrophyllaceae (waterleaf family):

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum, Great Waterleaf

Hydrophyllum canadense, Bluntleaf Waterleaf

Hydrophyllum virginanum, Eastern Waterleaf

Family Menyanthaceae (buckbean family):

Menyanthes trifoliata, Buckbean

Family Polemoniaceae (phlox family):

Ipomopsis rubra, Standing-cypress

Phlox divaricata, Wild Blue Phlox {f/h/ss/s}

Phlox maculata, Wild Sweetwilliam [T]

Phlox nivalis, Trailing Phlox {f/h/ss/s}

Phlox paniculata, Fall Phlox

Phlox pilosa, Downy Phlox {f/h/ss/s}

Phlox subulata, Moss Phlox {f/h/ss/s}

Polemonium reptans, Greek Valerian [T] {ss/f/h)

Family Solanaceae (potato family):

Datura inoxia, Pricklyburr [I] {f/h/s}

Datura stramonium, Jimsonweed [I] {f/h/ss}

Petunia atkinsiana (=axillaries x integrifolia), Petunia [I]

Physalis heterophylla, Clammy Groundcherry

Physalis longifolia, Longleaf Groundcherry

Physalis virginiana, Virginia Groundcherry

Solanum carolinense, Carolina Horsenettle {f/h/ss}

Solanum dulcamara, Climbing Nightshade [I] {f/h/ss/v}

Solanum (=Lycopersicon) lycopersicon (=esculentum), Garden Tomato [I]

Solanum physalifolium, Hoe Nightshade [I]

Solanum ptycanthum (=ptychamthum), West Indian Nightshade

Solanum rostratum, Buffalobur Nightshade

Solanum tuberosum, Irish Potato [I] {f/h/ss}

ORDER THEALES

Family Clusiaceae [=Guttiferae] (mangosteen family):

Hypericum boreale, Northern St. Johnswort

Hypericum canadense, Lesser Canadian St. Johnswort

Hypericum gentianoides, Orangegrass [SC]

Hypericum kalmianum, Kalm’s St. Johnswort {s}

Hypericum majus, Large St. Johnswort

Hypericum mutilum, Dwarf St. Johnswort

Hypericum perforatum, Common St. Johnswort [I]

Hypericum prolificum, Shrubby St. Johnswort {ss/s}

Hypericum punctatum, Spotted St. Johnswort

Triadenum fraseri, Fraser’s Marsh St. Johnswort

Triadenum virginicum, Virginia Marsh St. Johnswort

ORDER URTICALES

Family Cannabaceae (hemp family):

Cannabis sativa, Marijuana [I]

Humulus lupulus, Common Hop [I?] {v}

Family Moraceae (mulberry family):

Maclura pomifera, Osage Orange {s/t}

Morus alba, White Mulberry [I] {s/t}

Morus rubra, Red Mulberry [T] {t}

Family Ulmaceae (elm family):

Celtis occidentalis, Common Hackberry {s/t}

Ulmus americana, American Elm {t}

Ulmus pumila, Siberian Elm [I] {s/t}

Ulmus rubra, Slippery Elm {t}

Family Urticaceae (nettle family):

Boehmeria cylindrica, Smallspike False Nettle

Laportea canadensis, Canadian Woodnettle

Parietaria pensylvanica, Pennsylvania Pellitory

Pilea fontana, Lesser Clearweed

Pilea pumila, Canadian Clearweed

Urtica dioica, Stinging Nettle [I?]

ORDER VIOLALES

Family Cistaceae (rock-rose family):

Helianthemum bicknellii, Hoary Frostweed {f/h/ss}

Helianthemum canadense, Longbranch Frostweed {f/h/ss}

Hudsonia tomentosa, Woolly Beachfeather {ss/s}

Lechea mucronota (=villosa), Hairy Pinweed

Lechea pulchella, Leggett’s Pinweed [T]

Family Cucurbitaceae (cucumber family):

Citrullus lanatus, Watermelon [I] {f/h/v}

Cucurbita foetidissima, Missouri Gourd {f/h/v}

Echinocystis lobata, Wild Cucumber {f/h/v}

Sicyos angulatus, Oneseed Bur Cucumber {f/h/v}

Family Violaceae (violet family):

Hybanthus concolor, Eastern Greenviolet [SC]

Viola affinis, Sand Violet

Viola arvensis, European Field Pansy [I]

Viola blanda, Sweet White Violet

Viola canadensis, Canadian White Violet

Viola labradorica (=conspersa), Alpine Violet

Viola cucullata, Marsh Blue Violet

Viola lanceolata, Bog White Violet

Viola macloskeyi, Small White Violet

Viola nephrophylla, Northern Bog Violet

Viola odorata, Sweet Violet [I]

Viola palmata (=brittonia or pedatifida x affinis or socoria), Early Blue Violet

Viola pedata, Birdfoot Violet

Viola pubescens, Downy Yellow Violet

Viola rostrata, Longspur Violet

Viola sagittata, Arrowleaf Violet

Viola sororia, Common Blue Violet

Viola striata, Striped Cream Violet

Viola tricolor, Johnny Jumpup [I]