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Orlando Bloom

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Hot male celebs blog review

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Loving these images of Zac Efron

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Trout in the St. Joseph River Valley of Michigan: Relative Importance

In previous posts, I examined (a) 20th century distribution of trout and (b) species diversity and annual variation in streams within the Michigan portion of the St. Joseph River. Here, I continue my assessment of trout populations by looking at species diversity and annual variation. The information presented here is derived from the creel-census data provided by Wesley and Duffy (1999).

Throughout the entire Michigan portion of the St. Joseph River system, trout accounted for about one-quarter of the fish caught during the period 1928-1965. They were most abundant in the Lower and Mouth segments of the system, where they accounted for 94.9 and 88.6 percent of the catch, respectively. Details follow:

Trout As a Percentage of Total Catch (All Streams):

Headwaters: Mean = 4.8 (11 of 229 fish in 2 streams). Median = 2.8 (range 0.0 – 5.5)

Upper: Mean = 0.7 (20 of 2,953 fish in 7 streams). Median = 4.9 (range 0.0 – 9.8)

Middle: Mean = 8.9 (1,118 of 12,515 fish in 14 streams). Median = 96.5 (range 0.0 – 100.0)

Lower: Mean = 94.9 (3,047 of 3,210 fish in 16 streams). Median = 100.0 (range 3.6 – 100.0)

Mouth: Mean = 88.6 (1,176 of 1,328 fish in 15 streams). Median = 100.0 (range 0.0 – 100.0)

TOTAL: Mean = 26.5 (5,372 of 20,235 fish in 54 streams). Median = 100.0 (range 0.0 – 100.0)

Trout represented a somewhat lower percentage of the total catch in McCoy Creek (90.9 percent) than in the remaining 15 streams in the Lower valley segment (95.1 percent).

In the 41 trout streams (i.e., streams or stream segments where trout were available and caught as a result of intentional or unintentional stocking), trout usually accounted for a majority of the fish caught. For example, trout represented more than 50 percent of the reported catch in 36 streams (88 percent), more than 90 percent of the catch in 34 streams (83 percent), and 100 percent of the catch in 28 streams (68 percent).

Except for the poorly-sampled Headwaters and Upper valley segments, trout of one or more of the three species were predominant in the overall catch in trout streams throughout the system, accounting for 86 to 95 percent of the reported catch. Details follow:

Trout as Percentage of Total Catch in Trout Streams:

Headwaters: Mean = 5.5 (11 of 201 fish in 1 stream)

Upper: Mean = 9.8 (20 of 204 fish in 1 stream)

Middle: Mean = 86.1 (1,118 of 1,299 fish in 9 streams). Median = 100.0 (range 44.2 – 100.0)

Lower: Mean = 94.9 (3,047 of 3,210 fish in 16 streams). Median = 100.0 (range 3.7 – 100.0)

Mouth: Mean = 91.5 (1,176 of 1,285 fish in 14 streams). Median = 100.0 (range 26.5 – 100.0)

TOTAL: Mean = 86.7 (5,372 of 6,199 fish in 41 streams). Median = 100.0 (range 3.7 – 100.0)

Among the eight high-diversity trout streams (i.e., streams with all three species represented in the catch) in the Lower valley segment, trout represented a slightly smaller percentage of the total catch in McCoy Creek (90.9 percent) than in the remaining seven streams (97.5 percent).

Reference:

Wesley, J. K., and Joan E. Duffy. 1999b. St. Joseph River assessment. Appendix 2 (.pdf). Miscellaneous historical creel data. Michigan Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Division Fisheries Report 24: 117-227. URL: http://www.michigandnr.com/PUBLICATIONS/PDFS/ifr/ifrlibra/special/reports/sr24/sr24App2.pdf

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Trout in the St. Joseph River Valley of Michigan: Species Diversity and Annual Variation

In a previous post, I examined 20th century distribution of trout in streams within the Michigan portion of the St. Joseph River. Here, I continue my assessment of trout populations by looking at species diversity and annual variation. The information presented here is derived from the creel-census data provided by Wesley and Duffy (1999).

In streams (including McCoy Creek) where trout were known to be present during the period 1928-1965, anglers could universally expect to encounter (at least on occasion) up to three different species of trout, not always in the same year but over a period of years. Of the 41 streams with trout, 58 percent (24) yielded three species, 17 percent (7) two species, and 42 percent (10) one species. Details follow:

Number of Trout Species by Stream (1 – 2 – 3)

Headwaters: 1 – 0 – 0 (n=1)

Upper: 0 – 0 – 1 (n=1)

Middle: 2 – 2 – 5 (n=9)

Lower: 6 – 2 – 8 (n=16)

Mouth: 1 – 3 – 10 (n=14)

TOTAL: 10 – 7 – 24 (n=41)

There was a strong correlation between the number of trout species caught in a stream and the number of creel censuses conducted. For example, in streams with one species detected the median number of creel censuses conducted was 1 (range 1 – 4), in streams with two species it was 2.5 (range 1 – 5), and in streams with three species it was 7 (range 2 – 19).

I next examined yearly variability in species diversity by taking a closer look at the 24 streams in which three species of trout were detected. Trout were detected in 78 percent (149) of 190 yearly creel censuses. In the 149 census-years in which trout were reported as being caught, there was a 30 percent probability of encountering one species, a 42 percent probability of two species, and a 28 percent probability of three species. Details follow:

Yearly Variation in Number of Trout Species Caught (1 – 2 – 3)

Upper: 1 – 1 – 1 (n=11)

Middle: 8 – 14 – 7 (n=37)

Lower: 24 – 30 – 15 (n=80)

Mouth: 12 – 17 – 9 (n=62)

TOTAL: 45 – 62 – 42 (n=149)

PERCENT: 30 – 42 – 28

There was variability in both the number of species and the specific species caught each year, perhaps because of variability in stocking patterns of different species in each of the 24 streams.

The creel-census data show that trout were encountered less frequently by anglers in McCoy Creek (57 percent) than at other trout streams in the St. Joseph River drainage (78 percent), and average species diversity was lover in years when present (1.5 versus 2.0).

Reference:

Wesley, J. K., and Joan E. Duffy. 1999b. St. Joseph River assessment. Appendix 2 (.pdf). Miscellaneous historical creel data. Michigan Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Division Fisheries Report 24: 117-227. URL: http://www.michigandnr.com/PUBLICATIONS/PDFS/ifr/ifrlibra/special/reports/sr24/sr24App2.pdf

Trout in the St. Joseph River Valley of Michigan: 20th Century Distribution

The St. Joseph River valley has been described thusly by Wesley and Duffy (1999):

The St. Joseph River basin, located in southwest Michigan and northwest Indiana, is the third largest river basin in Michigan. The river begins in Michigan’s Hillsdale County at Baw Beese Lake, and flows in a northerly arc before turning south and entering Indiana. The river flows west across Indiana before making an abrupt turn to the north at South Bend. It re-enters Michigan in southeastern Berrien County and flows northwest until it reaches Lake Michigan between the cities of St. Joseph and Benton Harbor. The St. Joseph River mainstem is 210 miles long and its tributary streams total an additional 1,641 miles (Brown 1944). The river drains a watershed of 4,685 square miles: 3,000 square miles in Michigan and 1,685 square miles in Indiana.

Trout (Family Salmonidae) are not native to any of the streams in the St. Joseph River system. Three species—Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Brown Trout (Salmo trutta), Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)—were introduced to various streams within the drainage by the Michigan Department of Conservation (forerunner of the Department of Natural Resources) in the latter decades of the 19th century or the early decades of the 20th century.

Wesley and Duffy (1999a) divided the St. Joseph River watershed into five valley segments (Headwaters, Upper, Middle, Lower, and Mouth) based on physiographic characteristics. These river valley segments are illustrated here.

A picture of the historic (1928-1964) distribution of non-native trout throughout the Michigan portion St. Joseph River watershed comes to light by reviewing the presence of trout in creel-census data gathered by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (Wesley and Duffy 1999b).

Trout of 1-3 species were recorded in 41 (76 percent) of 54 streams in the Michigan portion of the St. Joseph River drainage at which creel censuses were conducted between 1928 and 1964. The percentage of streams in which trout were present and caught by sport anglers ranged from a low of 14 percent in the Upper segment to 100 percent in the Lower (including McCoy Creek) and Mouth segments. Details follow:

Headwaters: 50 percent (1 of 2 streams)

Upper: 14 percent (1 of 7)

Middle: 64 percent (9 of 14)

Lower: 100 percent (16 of 16)

Mouth: 100 percent (14 of 15)

TOTAL: 76 percent (41 of 54)

These figures illustrate that, within the St. Joseph River watershed (and especially among streams within the Lower segment of that watershed), McCoy Creek was not unusual in providing trout-fishing opportunities to sport anglers in the period from 1928-1964.

References:

Brown, C. J. D. 1944. Michigan streams: their lengths, distribution and drainage areas. Michigan Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Division Miscellaneous Publication 1.

Wesley, Jay K., and Joan E. Duffy. 1999a. St. Joseph River assessment (.pdf). Michigan Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Division Fisheries Species Report 24, 116 pp.
URL: http://www.michigandnr.com/PUBLICATIONS/PDFS/ifr/ifrlibra/special/reports/sr24/sr24Text.pdf

Wesley, J. K., and Joan E. Duffy. 1999b. St. Joseph River assessment. Appendix 2 (.pdf). Miscellaneous historical creel data. Michigan Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Division Fisheries Report 24: 117-227. URL: http://www.michigandnr.com/PUBLICATIONS/PDFS/ifr/ifrlibra/special/reports/sr24/sr24App2.pdf